Lowering costs of space transportation are enabling the humanization of outer space. This will include the expansion of materials harvesting, manufacturing, and transportation in space. Much of the “human activity” in space will be done using physical AI (autonomous or semi-autonomous robots) and, because of the latency in communicating with Earth, success will require computing and communication nearby, in outer space. This special issue will explore the key requirements for computing and communication to support industrial development, human exploration, and habitation in space. The successful expansion of these activities will require the construction of distributed data centers and attendant communication systems that will coordinate data center outer space nodes and the operations they are assisting, including communication with the Earth and locations in outer space.
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