From the March 2010 Issue...

Impact of Peripheral-Processor Interference on WCET Analysis of Real-Time Embedded Systems

By Rodolfo Pellizzoni and Marco Caccamo

The integration phase of real-time COTS-based systems is challenging. When multiple tasks run concurrently, the interference at the bus level between cache fetching activities and I/O peripheral transactions is significant and causes unpredictable behaviors: experimentally, we show that tasks can have computation time variance up to 46 percent in a typical embedded system. In this work, we present a theoretical framework able to model the interaction between CPU and peripherals contending for shared main memory through the Front Side Bus (FSB). We first show how to compute worst case execution time (WCET) for a task given a trace of its cache activity and given an upper bound function that models peripheral activities.

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