Subscribe
Issue No.08 - Aug. (2013 vol.12)
pp: 1558-1572
Lin Dai , City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Xinghua Sun , City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT
In this paper, a unified analytical framework is established to study the stability, throughput, and delay performance of homogeneous buffered IEEE 802.11 networks with Distributed Coordination Function (DCF). Two steady-state operating points are characterized using the limiting probability of successful transmission of Head-of-Line (HOL) packets $(p)$ given that the network is in unsaturated or saturated conditions. The analysis shows that a buffered IEEE 802.11 DCF network operates at the desired stable point $(p=p_{L})$ if it is unsaturated. $(p_{L})$ does not vary with backoff parameters, and a stable throughput can be always achieved at $(p_{L})$. If the network becomes saturated, in contrast, it operates at the undesired stable point $(p=p_{A})$, and a stable throughput can be achieved at $(p_A)$ if and only if the backoff parameters are properly selected. The stable regions of the backoff factor $(q)$ and the initial backoff window size $(W)$ are derived, and illustrated in cases of the basic access mechanism and the request-to-send/clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) mechanism. It is shown that the stable regions are significantly enlarged with the RTS/CTS mechanism, indicating that networks in the RTS/CTS mode are much more robust. Nevertheless, the delay analysis further reveals that lower access delay is incurred in the basic access mode for unsaturated networks. If the network becomes saturated, the delay performance deteriorates regardless of which mode is chosen. Both the first and the second moments of access delay at $(p_A)$ are sensitive to the backoff parameters, and shown to be effectively reduced by enlarging the initial backoff window size $(W)$.
INDEX TERMS
IEEE 802.11 Standards, Delay, Throughput, Steady-state, Markov processes, Limiting, Aggregates, binary exponential backoff, Stability, throughput, delay, IEEE 802.11 DCF networks
CITATION
Lin Dai, Xinghua Sun, "A Unified Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF Networks: Stability, Throughput, and Delay", IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol.12, no. 8, pp. 1558-1572, Aug. 2013, doi:10.1109/TMC.2012.128
REFERENCES
 [1] J.F. Kurose and K.W. Ross, Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, sixth ed. Pearson, 2012. [2] G. Bianchi, "Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function," IEEE J. Selected Areas Comm., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 535-547, Mar. 2000. [3] E. Ziouva and T. Antonakopoulos, "CSMA/CA Performance Under High Traffic Conditions: Throughput and Delay Analysis," Computer Comm., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 313-321, 2002. [4] H. Wu, Y. Peng, K. Long, S. Cheng, and J. Ma, "Performance of Reliable Transport Protocol over IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN: Analysis and Enhancement," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, vol. 2, pp. 599-607, 2002. [5] C.H. Foh and J.W. Tantra, "Comments on IEEE 802.11 Saturation Throughput Analysis with Freezing of Backoff Counters," IEEE Comm. Letters, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 130-132, Feb. 2005. [6] J. Vardakas, M. Sidiropoulos, and M. Logothetis, "Performance Behaviour of IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function," IET Circuits, Devices and Systems, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 50-59, Feb. 2008. [7] I. Tinnirello, G. Bianchi, and Y. Xiao, "Refinements on IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function Modeling Approaches," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1055-1067, Mar. 2010. [8] J. Choi, J. Yoo, and C. Kim, "A Novel Performance Analysis Model for an IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN," IEEE Comm. Letters, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 335-337, May 2006. [9] Z. Hadzi-Velkov and B. Spasenovski, "Saturation Throughput - Delay Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF in Fading Channel," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Comm. (ICC), vol. 1, pp. 121-126, May 2003. [10] P. Chatzimisios, A. Boucouvalas, and V. Vitsas, "Influence of Channel BER on IEEE 802.11 DCF," Electronics Letters, vol. 39, no. 23, pp. 1687-1689, Nov. 2003. [11] X. Dong and P. Varaiya, "Saturation Throughput Analysis of IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs for a Lossy Channel," IEEE Comm. Letters, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 100-102, Feb. 2005. [12] Y. Zheng, K. Lu, D. Wu, and Y. Fang, "Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF in Imperfect Channels," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1648-1656, Sept. 2006. [13] A. Kumar, E. Altman, D. Miorandi, and M. Goyal, "New Insights from a Fixed-Point Analysis of Single Cell IEEE 802.11 WLANs," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 588-601, June 2007. [14] A. Zanella and F. De Pellegrini, "Statistical Characterization of the Service Time in Saturated IEEE 802.11 Networks," IEEE Comm. Letters, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 225-227, Mar. 2005. [15] T. Sakurai and H. Vu, "MAC Access Delay of IEEE 802.11 DCF," IEEE Trans. Wireless Comm., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1702-1710, May 2007. [16] K. Duffy, D. Malone, and D. Leith, "Modeling the 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function in Non-Saturated Conditions," IEEE Comm. Letters, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 715-717, Aug. 2005. [17] E.M.M. Winands, T.J.J. Denteneer, J.A.C. Resing, and R. Rietman, "A Finite-Source Feedback Queueing Network as a Model for the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function," European Trans. Telecomm., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 77-89, Dec. 2005. [18] C. Foh, M. Zukerman, and J. Tantra, "A Markovian Framework for Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.11," IEEE Trans. Wireless Comm., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1276-1265, Apr. 2007. [19] D. Malone, K. Duffy, and D. Leith, "Modeling the 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function in Nonsaturated Heterogeneous Conditions," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 159-172, Feb. 2007. [20] H. Zhai, Y. Kwon, and Y. Fang, "Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocols in Wireless LANs," Wireless Comm. Mobile Computing, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 917-931, Dec. 2004. [21] R.P. Liu, G.J. Sutton, and I.B. Collings, "A New Queueing Model for QoS Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF with Finite Buffer and Load," IEEE Trans. Wireless Comm., vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 2664-2675, Aug. 2010. [22] B. Li and R. Battiti, "Analysis of the IEEE 802.11 DCF with Service Differentiation Support in Non-Saturation Conditions," Proc. Fifth Int'l Workshop Quality of Future Internet Services, pp. 64-73, 2004. [23] H. Zhai, X. Chen, and Y. Fang, "How Well Can the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Support Quality of Service?" IEEE Trans. Wireless Comm., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 3084-3094, Nov. 2005. [24] O. Tickoo and B. Sikdar, "Modeling Queueing and Channel Access Delay in Unsaturated IEEE 802.11 Random Access MAC Based Wireless Networks," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 878-891, Aug. 2008. [25] Y. Bae, K. Kim, M. Moon, and B. Choi, "Analysis of IEEE 802.11 Non-Saturated DCF by Matrix Analytic Methods," Ann. Operation Research, vol. 162, no. 1, pp. 3-18, Sept. 2008. [26] K. Ghaboosi, B.H. Khalaj, Y. Xiao, and M. Latva-aho, "Modeling IEEE 802.11 DCF Using Parallel Space-Time Markov Chain," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 2404-2413, July 2008. [27] E. Karamad and F. Ashtiani, "Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF and 802.11e EDCA Based on Queueing Networks," IET Comm., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 871-881, May 2009. [28] Q. Zhao, D.H.K. Tsang, and T. Sakurai, "A Simple and Approximate Model for Nonsaturated IEEE 802.11 DCF," IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 1539-1553, Nov. 2009. [29] E. Felemban and E. Ekici, "Single Hop IEEE 802.11 DCF Analysis Revisited: Accurate Modeling of Channel Access Delay and Throughput for Saturated and Unsaturated Traffic Cases," IEEE Trans. Wireless Comm., vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 3256-3266, Oct. 2011. [30] F. Cali, M. Conti, and E. Gregori, "IEEE 802.11 Protocol: Design and Performance Evaluation of an Adaptive Backoff Mechanism," IEEE J. Selected Areas Comm., vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1774-1786, Sept. 2000. [31] F. Cali, M. Conti, and E. Gregori, "Dynamic Tuning of the IEEE 802.11 Protocol to Achieve a tHeoretical Throughput Limit," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 785-799, Dec. 2000. [32] G. Bianchi and I. Tinnirello, "Kalman Filter Estimation of the number of Competing Terminals in an IEEE 802.11 Network," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, vol. 2, pp. 844-852, Apr. 2004. [33] A.L. Toledo, T. Vercauteren, and X. Wang, "Adaptive Optimization of IEEE 802.11 DCF Based on Bayesian Estimation of the Number of Competing Terminals," IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1283-1296, Sept. 2006. [34] D. Deng, C. Ke, H. Chen, and Y. Huang, "Contention Window Optimization for IEEE 802.11 DCF Access control," IEEE Trans. Wireless Comm., vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 5129-5135, Dec. 2008. [35] C.G. Wang, B. Li, and L. Li, "A New Collision Resolution Mechanism to Enhance the Performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1235-1246, July 2004. [36] I. Aad, Q. Ni, C. Barakat, and T. Turletti, "Enhancing IEEE 802.11 MAC in Congested Environments," Elsevier Computer Comm. J., vol. 28, no. 14, pp. 1605-1617, Sept. 2005. [37] J. Choi, J. Yoo, S. Choi, and C. Kim, "EBA: An Enhancement of the IEEE 802.11 DCF via Distributed Reservation," IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 378-390, July/Aug. 2005. [38] S. Ye and Y. Tseng, "A Multichain Backoff Mechanism for IEEE 802.11 WLANs," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1613-1620, Sept. 2006. [39] J. Choi, J. Yoo, and C. Kim, "A Distributed Fair Scheduling Scheme with a New Analysis Model in IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 3083-3093, Sept. 2008. [40] M. Iosifescu, Finite Markov Processes and Their Applications. Dover, 2007. [41] E.P.C. Kao, An Introduction to Sotchastic Processes. Duxbury, 1997. [42] R.M. Corlessa, G.H. Gonnet, D.E.G. Hare, D.J. Jeffrey, and D.E. Knuth, "On the Lambert W function," Advances Computational Math., vol. 5, pp. 329-359, 1996. [43] D. Bertsekas and R. Gallager, Data Networks, second ed. Prentice Hall, 1992. [44] K.K. Ramakrishman and H. Yang, "The Ethernet Capture Effect: Analysis and Solution," Proc. 19th Local Computer Networks Conf., Oct. 1994. [45] K. Medepalli and F.A. Tobagi, "On Optimization of CSMA/CA Based Wireless LANs: Part I - Impact of Exponential Backoff," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Comm. (ICC), vol. 5, pp. 2089-2094, June 2006. [46] IEEE Standard 802.11-2007, Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, IEEE, June 2007.