<p><it>Abstract</it>—A <it>temporal database</it> contains time-varying data. In a <it>real-time database</it> transactions have deadlines or timing constraints. In this paper we review the substantial research in these two previously separate areas. First we characterize the time domain; then we investigate temporal and real-time data models. We evaluate temporal and real-time query languages along several dimensions. We examine temporal and real-time DBMS implementation. Finally, we summarize major research accomplishments to date and list several unanswered research questions.</p>

Object-oriented databases, relational databases, query languages, temporal data models, time-constrained databases, transaction time, user-defined time, valid time.

Richard T. Snodgrass, Gultekin Ozsoyoglu, "Temporal and Real-Time Databases: A Survey", IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering, vol. 7, no. , pp. 513-532, August 1995, doi:10.1109/69.404027