Adopting a new distributed-checkpointing RAID architecture, the authors develop a single I/O address space for building highly available clusters of workstations. They propose a systematic approach to achieving single-system image by integrating existing middleware support with the newly developed features through cluster hardware and software experimentation.

Hai Jin, Zhiwei Xu, Cho-Li Wang, Edward Chow, Kai Hwang, "Designing SSI Clusters with Hierarchical Checkpointing and Single I/O Space", IEEE Concurrency (out of print), vol. 7, no. , pp. 60-69, January-March 1999, doi:10.1109/4434.749136