<p>Traditional models of trust between vendors and buyers fall short of requirements for an electronic marketplace, where anonymous transactions cross territorial and legal boundaries as well as traditional value-chain structures. Alternative quantifications of trust may offer better evaluations of transaction risk in this environment.</p>

Daniel W. Manchala, "E-Commerce Trust Metrics and Models", IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 4, no. , pp. 36-44, March/April 2000, doi:10.1109/4236.832944