This article discusses the issues that must be addressed when integrating AI and, in particular, expert system applications in an energy management system environment. The authors contend that these issues can be resolved by creating an environment that supports all the interfaces between the AI applications and the EMS. This environment should also maintain a model of the power system common to all the AI applications. Once this environment has been created, users can easily plug AI applications into the EMS. The authors describe the design of such an environment and provide case studies of its implementation to illustrate its flexibility.

B. N. Miller, G. D. Irisarri, S. Mokhtari, J. J. Bann and D. S. Kirschen, "Integrating AI Applications in an Energy Management System," in IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 12, no. , pp. 53-59, 1997.
doi:10.1109/64.642962