<p>Editor's note:</p><p>Nonvolatile embedded memories may open the door to new computing paradigms based on "normally-off and instant-on" operation. This article covers recent trends of spin-transfer-torque RAM technology, an emerging class of nonvolatile memory, and discusses its impact on the different layers of computer system hierarchy.</p><p align="right">&#x2014;Chris H. Kim, University of Minnesota</p>

design and test, normally-off, instant-on, nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM), TMR device, spin-transfer torque, SPRAM, Gbit-scale memory, multibit operation, 4F2 memory cell

Takayuki Kawahara, "Scalable Spin-Transfer Torque RAM Technology for Normally-Off Computing", IEEE Design & Test of Computers, vol. 28, no. , pp. 52-63, January/February 2011, doi:10.1109/MDT.2010.97