J
J2EE: Java 2 Enterprise Edition; J2ME: Java 2 Micro Edition; J2SE: Java 2 Standard Edition. For more information on emerging Java technologies, see http://java.sun.com.
Jabber: streaming XML protocol
Java: cross-platform programming language from Sun Microsystems
JavaOne, JavaBeans, JavaScript, JavaServer Pages (JSP)
Java RMI: Java remote method invocation
JDK: Java development kit
JEDEC: The JEDEC Solid State Technology Assoc., once known as the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council
JEIDA: Japan Electronic Industry Development Association
JFIF: JPEG file interchange format
jif: an electronic file format
Jini: Java wireless technology
JMS: Java Message Service
John Wiley & Sons
Josephson junction (n): an electronic switching device
Jossey-Bass: a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons
joystick
*JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group; also an electronic file format
Jr.: does not require preceding comma
JSON: JavaScript Object Notation
JTAG: Joint Test Action Group; founders of the boundary scan standard
jth
just-in-time (jit): an inventory management method; no capitals needed; it’s almost always used as a modifier
JVM: Java virtual machine
JXTA: platform-independent peer-to-peer distributed networking protocol developed by Sun
Jython
K
K: 1,024, the binary thousand (25 Kbytes, 25-Kbyte memory); also used as temperature designator for Kelvin scale, as in 273 K. However, when used as $10K (with no space) “K” means 1,000. The use of “K” when referring to monetary quantities is discouraged.
k: 1,000, the decimal thousand (164 km); used in metric designations; see CMS 15.60
KAoS: knowledgeable agent-oriented system (nonstandard, but accepted acronym)
KB: kilobyte; use Kbyte (25 Kbytes, 25-Kbyte memory)
Kb: kilobit; use Kbit or spell out, but use Kbps for kilobits per second
KBES: knowledge-based expert system (as opposed to rule-based)
Kbit: kilobit; use Kbit or spell out
Kbps: kilobits per second, preferred over Kb/s; spell out on first use
Kbyte: kilobyte (25 Kbytes, 25-Kbyte memory)
KEE: Knowledge Engineering Environment, product of Intellicorp
keiretsu: group of companies
kernel: central part of a program or operating system that does the bulk of the calculations; not to be confused with the mathematical meaning
keyboard, keyframe, keyshare, keystream, keyword
Kflops: thousand floating-point operations per second; spell out or convert to Mflops notation
Khornerstone: benchmark
kHz: kilohertz (50 kHz)
kiloWhetstone: measure of floating-point capacity; see benchmarks
KIPS: thousand instructions per second; spell out or convert to MIPS notation
kludge (n), kludgy (adj): a quick fix on a computer or in code
Kluwer Academic Publishers
KM: knowledge management
km2: okay to use instead of “square kilometers”
K-Means: algorithm
KSR1: no internal hyphen; a parallel supercomputer from Kendal Square Research
kVA: kilovoltampere
kW: kilowatt
L
LALR(1): left-to-right scan with one look-ahead token; compare to LL(1)
*LAMP: an open source Web server software bundle
*LAN: local area network
Lapack: a benchmark; see also ScaLapack
large-scale integration: see LSI
laser disk: preferred spelling over laser disc (unless the word appears as a trademark)
LaTeX (TeX, PCTeX, PCLaTeX): formatting language for typesetting math-heavy articles; pronounced “la-tech;” do not set in small caps nor shift any characters above or below the baseline. LaTeX is a superset of TeX, the original format devised by Donald Knuth.
*LCD: liquid crystal display
LCN: local computer network
LCCC: leadless ceramic-chip carriers; chip packaging
LDAP: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Lear Siegler: hardware manufacturer
least worst: an acceptable term in decision theory
*LED: light-emitting diode
LiDAR: light detection and ranging (scanning technology)
life cycle (n), life-cycle (adj): the software product-development process, usually divided into typical phases: requirements specification, design, validation, development, testing (verification), implementation, and maintenance
LIFO (adj): last-in, first-out
light pen
LIM EMS: Lotus/Intel/Microsoft/AST Research expanded memory specification, a standard for configuring and addressing memory above the MS-DOS direct-address 640-Kbyte limit. AST became a development partner after the acronym was coined.
Lincages: Linkage Interactive Computer Analysis and Graphically Enhanced Synthesis package (not a true acronym, but handle as one); a synthesis program for mechanism design developed at the University of Minnesota
Links System: parallel processor at Osaka University
Linpack: see benchmark
Linux: open operating system based on the Unix platform
LIPS: logical inferences per second
Lisp: from list processing, a programming language used mainly in artificial intelligence
liveness: the quality of making sure that something good happens (not just ensuring that nothing bad happens); liveness ensures, for example, that a calculation’s results are returned for use, not just calculated; do not use this term without an explanation; compare with safety
LL(1): left-to-right scan with one look-ahead token producing a leftmost derivation; short for “leftmost LALR(1)”; see LALR(1)
*LNAI: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence
*LNCS: Lecture Notes in Computer Science; use abbreviation in reference lists
*LOC: lines of code
LOCS: lines of code in service
LoD: learning on demand
login, logon, logout, logoff (n, adj), log in, log on, log out, log off (verbs)
look-ahead (adj)
lookaside
lookup (n, adj); look up (v): process of matching by computer the words of a text with material stored in memory
LOTOS: logic of temporal ordering system
low-cost (adj)
low-end (adj)
lowercase (n, adj)
lpi: lines per inch (300-lpi resolution, 300 lpi)
lpm: lines per minute (145-lpm printer, 145 lpm)
LSI: large-scale integration, about 1,000 to 10,000 circuits per chip
LUT: lookup table, but avoid using the acronym
* OK to use acronym or abbreviation on first reference.
