12th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA'06)
Modeling Instruction-Level Parallelism for WCET Evaluation
Sydney, Australia
August 16-August 18
ISBN: 0-7695-2676-4
Jonathan Barre, Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, France
C?dric Landet, Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, France
Pascal Sainrat, Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, France
The estimation of the Worst-Case Execution Time of hard real-time applications becomes very hard as more and more complex processors are used in realtime systems. In modern architectures, estimating the execution time of a single basic block is not trivial due to possible timing anomalies linked to out-of-order execution. The influence of preceding basic blocks on the pipeline state also has to be accounted for. Recently, graphs have been used to model the execution of a block on a dynamically-scheduled pipelined processor [11]. In this paper we extend this model to express instruction-level parallelism so that superscalar processors with multiple functional units can be analyzed. Simulation results show how this extended model estimates WCETs tightly even when a realistic processor is considered. They also give an insight into the complexity of the model in terms of analysis time.
Citation:
Jonathan Barre, C?dric Landet, Christine Rochange, Pascal Sainrat, "Modeling Instruction-Level Parallelism for WCET Evaluation," rtcsa, pp.61-67, 12th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA'06), 2006