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37th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO'04)
The Fuzzy Correlation between Code and Performance Predictability
Portland,Oregon
December 04-December 08
ISBN: 0-7695-2126-6
Murali Annavaram, Microarchitecture Research Lab (MRL)
Ryan Rakvic, Microarchitecture Research Lab (MRL)
Marzia Polito, Systems Technology Labs (STL)
Jean-Yves Bouguet, Systems Technology Labs (STL)
Richard Hankins, Microarchitecture Research Lab (MRL)
Bob Davies, Systems Technology Labs (STL)
Recent studies have shown that most SPEC CPU2K benchmarks exhibit strong phase behavior, and the Cycles per Instruction (CPI) performance metric can be accurately predicted based on program's control-flow behavior, by simply observing the sequencing of the program counters, or extended instruction pointers (EIPs). One motivation of this paper is to see if server workloads also exhibit such phase behavior. In particular, can EIPs effectively predict CPI in server workloads? We propose using regression trees to measure the theoretical upper bound on the accuracy of predicting the CPI using EIPs, where accuracy is measure by the explained variance of CPI with EIPs. Our results show that for most server workloads and, surprisingly, even for CPU2K benchmarks, the accuracy of predicting CPI from EIPs varies widely. We classify the benchmarks into four quadrants based on their CPI variance and predictability of CPI using EIPs. Our results indicate that no single sampling technique can be broadly applied to a large class of applications. We propose a new methodology that selects the best-suited sampling technique to accurately capture the program behavior.
Citation:
Murali Annavaram, Ryan Rakvic, Marzia Polito, Jean-Yves Bouguet, Richard Hankins, Bob Davies, "The Fuzzy Correlation between Code and Performance Predictability," micro, pp.93-104, 37th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO'04), 2004
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