In this paper we discuss the need for real-time data mining for many applications in government and industry and describe resulting research issues. We also discuss dependability issues including incorporating security, integrity, timeliness and fault tolerance into data mining. Several different data mining outcomes are described with regard to their implementation in a real-time environment. These outcomes include clustering, association-rule mining, link analysis and anomaly detection. The paper describes how they would be used together in various parallel-processing architectures. Stream mining is discussed with respect to the challenges of performing data mining on stream data from sensors. The paper concludes with a summary and discussion of directions in this emerging area.