Based on the statistics in 2005 from six provinces in the central region of China released by National Bureau of Statistics of China, this paper applies grey incidence analysis to analyze the cause and efficiency of regional scientific and technical output. After detail research, some results have been concluded: (1) In order to increase the standard of scientific and technical output in six provinces, we have to pay fully attention to increasing not only the expenditures for S&T activities, but the total amount of scientists and engineers. (2) Based on the degree of grey incidence calculated, we come to a conclusion that the level of efficiency of regional scientific and technical output of six provinces descends from the top to the low as follows: Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Henan. Research result shows that this method can provide valuable information for governments in making appropriate scientific and technical policies.