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2009 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC)
Experimental evaluation of N-tier systems: Observation and analysis of multi-bottlenecks
Austin, TX, USA
October 04-October 06
ISBN: 978-1-4244-5156-2
Simon Malkowski, Center for Experimental Research in Computer Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332-0765, USA
Markus Hedwig, Information Systems Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79098, Germany
Calton Pu, Center for Experimental Research in Computer Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332-0765, USA
In many areas such as e-commerce, mission-critical N-tier applications have grown increasingly complex. They are characterized by non-stationary workloads (e.g., peak load several times the sustained load) and complex dependencies among the component servers. We have studied N-tier applications through a large number of experiments using the RUBiS and RUBBoS benchmarks. We apply statistical methods such as kernel density estimation, adaptive filtering, and change detection through multiple-model hypothesis tests to analyze more than 200GB of recorded data. Beyond the usual single-bottlenecks, we have observed more intricate bottleneck phenomena. For instance, in several configurations all system components show average resource utilization significantly below saturation, but overall throughput is limited despite addition of more resources. More concretely, our analysis shows experimental evidence of multi-bottleneck cases with low average resource utilization where several resources saturate alternatively, indicating a clear lack of independence in their utilization. Our data corroborates the increasing awareness of the need for more sophisticated analytical performance models to describe N-tier applications that do not rely on independent resource utilization assumptions. We also present a preliminary taxonomy of multi-bottlenecks found in our experimentally observed data.
Citation:
Simon Malkowski, Markus Hedwig, Calton Pu, "Experimental evaluation of N-tier systems: Observation and analysis of multi-bottlenecks," iiswc, pp.118-127, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC), 2009
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