The electronic representation of scientific documents: journals, technical reports, program documentation, laboratory notebooks, etc. present challenges in several distinct communities. We see five distinct groups concerned with electronic versions of scientific documents:* Publishers of journals, texts, reference works, and their authors.* Software publishers for OCR/ document analysis, document formatting.* Software publishers whose products access ``contents semantics'' from documents, including library keyword search programs, natural language search programs, data-base systems, visual presentation systems, mathematical computation systems, etc.* Institutions maintaining access to electronic libraries, which must be broadly construed to include data and programs of all sorts. %Universities, Computer centers* Individuals and their programs acting as their agents who need to use these libraries, to identify, locate, and retrieve relevant documents.It would be good to have a convergence in design and standards for encoding new or pre-existing (typically paper-based) documents in order to meet the needs of all these groups. Various efforts, some loosely coordinated, but just as often competing, are trying to set standards and build tools. Where are we headed?