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The Ninth International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA'03)
Scalar Operand Networks: On-Chip Interconnect for ILP in Partitioned Architectures
Anaheim, California
February 08-February 12
ISBN: 0-7695-1871-0
Michael Bedford Taylor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Walter Lee, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Saman Amarasinghe, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Anant Agarwal, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The bypass paths and multiported register files in microprocessors serve as an implicit interconnect to communicate operand values among pipeline stages and multiple ALUs. Previous superscalar designs implemented this interconnect using centralized structures that do not scale with increasing ILP demands. In search of scalability, recent microprocessor designs in industry and academia exhibit a trend towards distributed resources such as partitioned register files, banked caches, multiple independent computer pipelines, and even multiple program counters. Some of these partitioned microprocessor designs have begun to implement bypassing and operand transport using point-to-point interconnects rather than centralized networks. We call interconnects optimized for scalar data transport, whether centralized or distributed, scalar operand networks. Although these networks share many of the challenges of multiprocessor networks such as scalability and deadlock avoidance, they have many unique requirements, including ultra-low latencies (a few cycles versus tens of cycles) and ultra-fast operation-operand matching. This paper discusses the unique properties of scalar operand networks, examines alternative ways of implementing them, and describes in detail the implementation of one such network in the Raw microprocessor. The paper analyzes the performance of these networks for ILP workloads and the sensitivity of over all ILP performance to network properties.
Citation:
Michael Bedford Taylor, Walter Lee, Saman Amarasinghe, Anant Agarwal, "Scalar Operand Networks: On-Chip Interconnect for ILP in Partitioned Architectures," hpca, pp.341, The Ninth International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA'03), 2003
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