This paper presents a conceptual framework for understanding knowledge integration in distributed networks of practice. The framework builds upon Grant?s knowledge-based theory of organizational capability in terms of efficiency, flexibility and scope of knowledge integration. Due to challenges related to contextual characteristics in distributed networks of practice, the framework proposes boundary spanning activities in terms of boundary objects and knowledge brokers as critical to ensure knowledge integration and to build a shared repertoire and common ground of knowledge. The framework is applied as the basis for analyzing knowledge integration in distributed networks of practice in the marine insurance industry.