In recent years, a wide range of protection and restoration techniques have been developed to support the survivability of ATM networks. Distributed restoration is among the solutions to help specific parts of ATM networks to survive one or more of their comprising elements. However, all of the proposed distributed restoration mechanisms operate within a single network layer, autonomous from network management, though the interaction of these mechanisms can enhance the whole network's survivability. The interworking among the network restoration methods at different layers is called escalation. This paper proposes a diagnosis and time-out based escalation strategies for ATM network restoration. The first part introduces the ATM network and details the hierarchical ATM network model considered as a set of survivable subnetworks. After that, we present related work on distributed restoration and detail the operation and maintenance functions. Finally, we integrate, in a single and coherent protection strategy, the different restoration mechanisms adapted to each subnetwork.