Recent advances of computer hardware technologies have made it possible to render 3D CG images in real time, and 3D graphics has become in great demand for various applications. However the development of 3D graphics software is still laborious work compared to 2D software development. Hence, the research group of the authors has proposed a component-based 3D graphics software development system called IntelligentBox. However, developers have to construct 3D composite components manually when developing an application even using such a component-based tool, and this is time consuming task. Hence, this paper proposes an automatic construction method of 3D composite objects from range data of artifacts. The 3D object construction system based on this method decomposes a unified surface model obtained from range data of a certain artifact to several elements by segmenting it, automatically exchanges each element into its similar shape model, which is already prepared as a functional component of IntelligentBox, and composes them into one functional composite component which looks like the original artifact. In this way, the user obtains functional composite 3D objects from range data easily.