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2008 IEEE 23rd Annual Conference on Computational Complexity
Quantum Expanders: Motivation and Constructions
June 22-June 26
ISBN: 978-0-7695-3169-4
We define quantum expanders in a natural way. We give two constructions of quantum expanders, both based on classical expander constructions. The first construction is algebraic, and is based on the construction of Cayley Ramanujan graphs over the group $\PGL$ given by Lubotzky, Philips and Sarnak \cite{LPS88}. The second construction is combinatorial, and is based on aquantum variant of the Zig-Zag product introduced by Reingold, Vadhan and Wigderson \cite{RVW00}. Both constructions are of constant degree, and the second one is explicit. Using quantum expanders, we characterize the complexity of comparing and estimating quantum entropies. Specifically, we consider the following task: given two mixed states, each given by a quantum circuit generating it, decide which mixed state has more entropy. We show that this problem is $\QSZK$--complete (where $\QSZK$ is the class of languages having a zero-knowledge quantum interactive protocol). This problem is very well motivated from a physical point of view. Our proof resembles the classical proof that the entropy difference problem is $\SZK$--complete, but crucially depends on the use of quantum expanders.
Index Terms:
Quantum Expanders, Quantum Statistical Zero-Knowledge
Citation:
Avraham Ben-Aroya, Oded Schwartz, Amnon Ta-Shma, "Quantum Expanders: Motivation and Constructions," ccc, pp.292-303, 2008 IEEE 23rd Annual Conference on Computational Complexity, 2008
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