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23rd IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS'04)
A Stability-Oriented Approach to Improving BGP Convergence
Florianpolis, Brazil
October 18-October 20
ISBN: 0-7695-2239-4
Hongwei Zhang, The Ohio State University, USA
Anish Arora, The Ohio State University, USA
Zhijun Liu, The Ohio State University, USA
This paper shows that the elimination of fault-agnostic instability, the instability caused by fault-agnostic distributed control, substantially improves BGP convergence speed. To this end, we first classify BGP convergence instability into two categories: fault-agnostic instability and distribution-inherent instability; secondly, we prove the impossibility of eliminating all distribution-inherent instability in distributed routing protocols; thirdly, we design the Grapevine Border Gateway Protocol (G-BGP) to show that all fault-agnostic instability can be eliminated. G-BGP eliminates all fault-agnostic instability under different fault and routing policy scenarios by (i) piggybacking onto BGP UPDATE messages fine-grained information about faults to the nodes affected by the faults, (ii) quickly resolving the uncertainty between link and node failure as well as the uncertainty of whether a node has changed route, and (iii) rejecting obsolete fault information.
We have evaluated G-BGP by both analysis and simulation. Analytically, we prove that, by eliminating fault-agnostic instability, G-BGP achieves optimal convergence speed in several scenarios where BGP convergence is severely delayed (e.g., when a node or a link fail-stops), and when the shortest-path-first policy is used, G-BGP asymptotically improves BGP convergence speed except in scenarios where BGP convergence speed is already optimal (e.g., when a node or a link joins). By simulating networks with up to 115 autonomous systems, we observe that G-BGP improves BGP convergence stability and speed by an order of magnitude.
Index Terms:
BGP, fault-agnostic instability, distribution-inherent instability, path-vector routing
Citation:
Hongwei Zhang, Anish Arora, Zhijun Liu, "A Stability-Oriented Approach to Improving BGP Convergence," srds, pp.90-99, 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS'04), 2004
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