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Seventh International Conference on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA'00)
Frame packing in real-time communication
Cheju Island, South Korea
December 12-December 14
ISBN: 0-7695-0930-4
K. Sandstrom, Dept. of Comput. Eng., Malardalen Real-time Res. Centre, Vasteras, Sweden
C. Norstom, Dept. of Comput. Eng., Malardalen Real-time Res. Centre, Vasteras, Sweden
M. Ahlmark, Dept. of Comput. Eng., Malardalen Real-time Res. Centre, Vasteras, Sweden
A common computational model in distributed embedded systems is that the nodes exchange signals via a network. Most often, a signal represents the state of some physical device and has a signal size ranging from a single bit up to a few bytes. Furthermore, each signal typically has a deadline requirement. The communication networks used are often based on a broadcast bus where fixed or variable sized frames are transmitted. The amount of data that can be transmitted in each frame is almost always bigger than the size of a signal. Thus, from a resource perspective it would be desirable if each frame could transport several signals. The authors investigate how to assign signals to periodic frames with the objective function to minimise the network bandwidth requirement while not violating specified deadlines. This problem is NP-hard, but can for most typical applications be solved efficiently by using simple heuristics. The effectiveness of our algorithm is demonstrated by applying it to signal sets derived from automotive applications for a CAN based system and for the newly developed, low cost and low speed, Local Interconnect Network (LIN). The results can be of great use in cost sensitive embedded systems such as car control systems, where the used hardware, communication networks and nodes (typically microcontrollers), have to be highly utilised to keep the production cost at a minimum level.
Index Terms:
distributed processing; real-time systems; bandwidth allocation; computational complexity; controller area networks; automobiles; microcontrollers; frame packing; real time communication; common computational model; distributed embedded systems; signal exchange; physical device; signal size; deadline requirement; communication networks; broadcast bus; variable sized frames; resource perspective; periodic frames; objective function; network bandwidth requirement; NP-hard; simple heuristics; signal sets; automotive applications; CAN based system; Local Interconnect Network; cost sensitive embedded systems; car control systems; microcontrollers; production cost
Citation:
K. Sandstrom, C. Norstom, M. Ahlmark, "Frame packing in real-time communication," rtcsa, pp.399, Seventh International Conference on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA'00), 2000
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