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19th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS'04)
A Second-Order Theory for NL
Turku, Finland
July 13-July 17
ISBN: 0-7695-2192-4
Stephen Cook, University of Toronto
Antonina Kolokolova, University of Toronto
We introduce a second-order theory V-Krom of bounded arithmetic for nondeterministic log space. This system is based on Gr?del's characterization of NL by second-order Krom formulate with only universal first-order quantifiers, which is turn is motivated by the result that the decision problem for 2-CNF satisfiability is complete for coNL (and hence for NL). This theory has the style of the authors' theory V₁-Horn [APAL 124 (2003)] for polynomial time. Both theories use Zambella's elegant second-order syntax, and are axiomatized by a set 2-BASIC of simple formulae, together with a comprehension scheme for either second-order Horn formulae (in the case of V₁-Horn), or second-order Krom (2CNF) formulae (in the case of V-Krom). Our main result for V-Krom is a formalization of the Immerman-Szelepcs?nyi theorem that NL is closed under complementation. This formalization is necessary to show that the NL functions are \sum _1^B-definable in V-Krom. The only other theory for NL in the literature relies on the Immerman-Szelepcs?nyi's result rather than proving it.
Citation:
Stephen Cook, Antonina Kolokolova, "A Second-Order Theory for NL," lics, pp.398-407, 19th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS'04), 2004
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