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2004 International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP'04)
Improving Load/Store Queues Usage in Scientific Computing
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
August 15-August 18
ISBN: 0-7695-2197-5
Christophe Lemuet, University of Versailles
William Jalby, University of Versailles
Sid-Ahmed-Ali Touati, University of Versailles
Memory disambiguation mechanisms, coupled with load/store queues in out-of-order processors, are crucial to increase Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP), especially for memory-bound scientific codes. Designing ideal memory disambiguation mechanisms is too complex because it would require precise address bits comparators; thus, modern microprocessors implement simplified and imprecise ones that perform only partial address comparisons. In this paper, we study the impact of such simplifications on the sustained performance of some real processors such that Alpha 21264, Power 4 and Itanium 2. Despite all the advanced features of these processors, we demonstrate in this article that memory address disambiguation mechanisms can cause significant performance loss. We demonstrate that, even if data are located in low cache levels and enough ILP exist, the performance degradation can be up to 21 times slower if no care is taken on the order of accessing independent memory addresses. Instead of proposing a hardware solution to improve load/store queues, as done in [1, 6, 5, 7, 4], we show that a software (compilation) technique is possible. Such solution is based on the classical (and robust) ld/st vectorization. Our experiments highlight the effectiveness of such method on BLAS 1 codes that are representative of vector scientific loops.
Citation:
Christophe Lemuet, William Jalby, Sid-Ahmed-Ali Touati, "Improving Load/Store Queues Usage in Scientific Computing," icpp, pp.38-45, 2004 International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP'04), 2004
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