We examine stuck-at faults in several gate circuits realizing the C-element. We exhibit circuits with the following phenomena: (a) 50% of single faults do not cause the circuit to halt. (b) Some faults are not detectable by logic tests. (c) A test of length seven is required to detect all detectable single faults. (d) A fault may result in an oscillation. (e) A fault may destroy the speed-independence of a circuit. We also analyze static and dynamic CMOS implementations of the C-element.
Index Terms:
asynchronous circuits; logic testing; fault location; C-elements testing; stuck-at faults; gate circuits; C-element; logic tests; speed-independence; CMOS implementations
Citation:
J.A. Brzozowski, K. Raahemifar, "Testing C-elements is not elementary," async, pp.150, Second Working Conference on Asynchronous Design Methodologies, 1995