Publication 2006 Issue No. 12 - December Abstract - Recovering Facial Shape Using a Statistical Model of Surface Normal Direction
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Recovering Facial Shape Using a Statistical Model of Surface Normal Direction
December 2006 (vol. 28 no. 12)
pp. 1914-1930
 ASCII Text x William A.P. Smith, Edwin R. Hancock, "Recovering Facial Shape Using a Statistical Model of Surface Normal Direction," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 1914-1930, December, 2006.
 BibTex x @article{ 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.251,author = {William A.P. Smith and Edwin R. Hancock},title = {Recovering Facial Shape Using a Statistical Model of Surface Normal Direction},journal ={IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},volume = {28},number = {12},issn = {0162-8828},year = {2006},pages = {1914-1930},doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.251},publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},}
 RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote x TY - JOURJO - IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine IntelligenceTI - Recovering Facial Shape Using a Statistical Model of Surface Normal DirectionIS - 12SN - 0162-8828SP1914EP1930EPD - 1914-1930A1 - William A.P. Smith, A1 - Edwin R. Hancock, PY - 2006KW - Shape-from-shadingKW - albedo estimationKW - directional statisticsKW - illuminationKW - face modeling.VL - 28JA - IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine IntelligenceER -
In this paper, we show how a statistical model of facial shape can be embedded within a shape-from-shading algorithm. We describe how facial shape can be captured using a statistical model of variations in surface normal direction. To construct this model, we make use of the azimuthal equidistant projection to map the distribution of surface normals from the polar representation on a unit sphere to Cartesian points on a local tangent plane. The distribution of surface normal directions is captured using the covariance matrix for the projected point positions. The eigenvectors of the covariance matrix define the modes of shape-variation in the fields of transformed surface normals. We show how this model can be trained using surface normal data acquired from range images and how to fit the model to intensity images of faces using constraints on the surface normal direction provided by Lambert's law. We demonstrate that the combination of a global statistical constraint and local irradiance constraint yields an efficient and accurate approach to facial shape recovery and is capable of recovering fine local surface details. We assess the accuracy of the technique on a variety of images with ground truth and real-world images.

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Index Terms:
Shape-from-shading, albedo estimation, directional statistics, illumination, face modeling.
Citation:
William A.P. Smith, Edwin R. Hancock, "Recovering Facial Shape Using a Statistical Model of Surface Normal Direction," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 1914-1930, Dec. 2006, doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2006.251
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