This Article 
   
 Share 
   
 Bibliographic References 
   
 Add to: 
 
Digg
Furl
Spurl
Blink
Simpy
Google
Del.icio.us
Y!MyWeb
 
 Search 
   
Modeling and Analysis for Spectrum Handoffs in Cognitive Radio Networks
Sept. 2012 (vol. 11 no. 9)
pp. 1499-1513
ASCII Text
x 
 
Li-Chun Wang, Chung-Wei Wang, Chung-Ju Chang, "Modeling and Analysis for Spectrum Handoffs in Cognitive Radio Networks," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 1499-1513, Sept., 2012.
 
 
BibTex
x
 
@article{ 10.1109/TMC.2011.155,
author = {Li-Chun Wang and Chung-Wei Wang and Chung-Ju Chang},
title = {Modeling and Analysis for Spectrum Handoffs in Cognitive Radio Networks},
journal ={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
issn = {1536-1233},
year = {2012},
pages = {1499-1513},
doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TMC.2011.155},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
}
 
 
RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote
x 
 
TY - JOUR
JO - IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
TI - Modeling and Analysis for Spectrum Handoffs in Cognitive Radio Networks
IS - 9
SN - 1536-1233
SP1499
EP1513
EPD - 1499-1513
A1 - Li-Chun Wang,
A1 - Chung-Wei Wang,
A1 - Chung-Ju Chang,
PY - 2012
KW - Markov processes
KW - Random processes
KW - Computational modeling
KW - Analytical models
KW - Mobile computing
KW - Mobile radio mobility management
KW - Cognitive radio
KW - Queueing analysis
KW - queuing theory.
KW - Cognitive radio
KW - spectrum handoff
KW - spectrum mobility
KW - preemptive priority
KW - preemption
VL - 11
JA - IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
ER -
 
Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu
Chung-Wei Wang, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu
Chung-Ju Chang, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu
In this paper, we present an analytical framework to evaluate the latency performance of connection-based spectrum handoffs in cognitive radio (CR) networks. During the transmission period of a secondary connection, multiple interruptions from the primary users result in multiple spectrum handoffs and the need of predetermining a set of target channels for spectrum handoffs. To quantify the effects of channel obsolete issue on the target channel predetermination, we should consider the three key design features: 1) general service time distribution of the primary and secondary connections; 2) different operating channels in multiple handoffs; and 3) queuing delay due to channel contention from multiple secondary connections. To this end, we propose the preemptive resume priority (PRP) M/G/1 queuing network model to characterize the spectrum usage behaviors with all the three design features. This model aims to analyze the extended data delivery time of the secondary connections with proactively designed target channel sequences under various traffic arrival rates and service time distributions. These analytical results are applied to evaluate the latency performance of the connection-based spectrum handoff based on the target channel sequences mentioned in the IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks standard. Then, to reduce the extended data delivery time, a traffic-adaptive spectrum handoff is proposed, which changes the target channel sequence of spectrum handoffs based on traffic conditions. Compared to the existing target channel selection methods, this traffic-adaptive target channel selection approach can reduce the extended data transmission time by 35 percent, especially for the heavy traffic loads of the primary users.

[1] J. Mitola and G.Q. Maguire, "Cognitive Radio: Making Software Radios More Personal," IEEE Personal Comm., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 13-18, Aug. 1999.
[2] S. Haykin, "Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless Communications," IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 201-220, Feb. 2005.
[3] R.W. Thomas, L.A. DaSilva, and A.B. MacKenzie, "Cognitive Networks," Proc. IEEE Int'l Symp. Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), Nov. 2005.
[4] L.-C. Wang, C.-W. Wang, and C.-J. Chang, "Optimal Target Channel Sequence for Multiple Spectrum Handoffs in Cognitive Radio Networks," IEEE Trans. Comm., accepted, 2012.
[5] T.A. Weiss and F.K. Jondral, "Spectrum Pooling: An Innovative Strategy for the Enhancement of Spectrum Efficiency," IEEE Radio Comm. Magazine, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. S8-S14, Mar. 2004.
[6] I.F. Akyildiz, W.-Y. Lee, M.C. Vuran, and S. Mohanty, "A Survey on Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Networks," IEEE Comm. Magazine, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 40-48, Apr. 2008.
[7] H.-J. Liu, Z.-X. Wang, S.-F. Li, and M. Yi, "Study on the Performance of Spectrum Mobility in Cognitive Wireless Network," Proc. IEEE Singapore Int'l Conf. Comm. Systems (ICCS), June 2008.
[8] L.-C. Wang, C.-W. Wang, and K.-T. Feng, "A Queuing-Theoretical Framework for QoS-Enhanced Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Networks," IEEE Wireless Comm. Magazine, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 18-26, Dec. 2011.
[9] Q. Zhao, L. Tong, A. Swami, and Y. Chen, "Decentralized Cognitive MAC for Opportunistic Spectrum Access in Ad Hoc Networks: A POMDP Framework," IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 589-600, Apr. 2007.
[10] Q. Zhao, S. Geirhofer, L. Tong, and B.M. Sadler, "Opportunistic Spectrum Access via Periodic Channel Sensing," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 785-796, Feb. 2008.
[11] O. Mehanna, A. Sultan, and H.E. Gamal, "Blind Cognitive MAC Protocols," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Comm. (ICC), June 2009.
[12] R.-T. Ma, Y.-P. Hsu, and K.-T. Feng, "A POMDP-Based Spectrum Handoff Protocol for Partially Observable Cognitive Radio Networks," Proc. IEEE Wireless Comm. and Networking Conf. (WCNC), Apr. 2009.
[13] M. Hoyhtya, S. Pollin, and A. Mammela, "Performance Improvement with Predictive Channel Selection for Cognitive Radios," Proc. IEEE Int'l Workshop Cognitive Radio and Advanced Spectrum Management (CogART), Feb. 2008.
[14] M. Hoyhtya, S. Pollin, and A. Mammela, "Classification-Based Predictive Channel Selection for Cognitive Radios," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Comm. (ICC), May 2010.
[15] H. Han, Q. Wu, and H. Yin, "Spectrum Sensing for Real-Time Spectrum Handoff in CRNs," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Advanced Computer Theory and Eng. (ICACTE), Aug. 2010.
[16] L. Yang, L. Cao, and H. Zheng, "Proactive Channel Access in Dynamic Spectrum Networks," Physical Comm., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 103-111, 2008.
[17] S.-U. Yoon and E. Ekici, "Voluntary Spectrum Handoff: A Novel Approach to Spectrum Management in CRNs," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Comm. (ICC), May 2010.
[18] Y. Song and J. Xie, "Common Hopping Based Proactive Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks," Proc. IEEE GlobeCom, Dec. 2010.
[19] A. Lertsinsrubtavee, N. Malouch, and S. Fdida, "Spectrum Handoff Strategies for Multiple Channels Cognitive Radio Network," Proc. ACM CoNEXT Student Workshop, Mar. 2010.
[20] A.W. Min and K.G. Shin, "Exploiting Multi-Channel Diversity in Spectrum-Agile Networks," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Apr. 2008.
[21] X. Li, Q. Zhao, X. Guan, and L. Tong, "Optimal Cognitive Access of Markovian Channels under Tight Collision Constraints," IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 746-759, Apr. 2011.
[22] S. Srinivasa and S.A. Jafar, "The Throughput Potential of Cognitive Radio: A Theoretical Perspective," IEEE Comm. Magazine, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 73-79, May 2007.
[23] Q. Shi, D. Taubenheim, S. Kyperountas, P. Gorday, and N. Correal, "Link Maintenance Protocol for Cognitive Radio System with OFDM PHY," Proc. IEEE Int'l Symp. Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), Apr. 2007.
[24] H. Su and X. Zhang, "Channel-Hopping Based Single Transceiver MAC for Cognitive Radio Networks," Proc. IEEE Ann. Conf. Information Sciences and Systems (CISS), Mar. 2008.
[25] C.-W. Wang and L.-C. Wang, "Analysis of Reactive Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks," IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., accepted, 2012.
[26] D. Willkomm, J. Gross, and A. Wolisz, "Reliable Link Maintenance in Cognitive Radio Systems," Proc. IEEE Int'l Symp. Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN), Nov. 2005.
[27] J. Tian and G. Bi, "A New Link Maintenance and Compensation Model for Cognitive UWB Radio Systems," Proc. Int'l Conf. ITS Telecomm., June 2006.
[28] L.-C. Wang and A. Chen, "On the Performance of Spectrum Handoff for Link Maintenance in Cognitive Radio," Proc. IEEE Int'l Symp. Wireless Pervasive Computing (ISWPC), May 2008.
[29] B. Wang, Z. Ji, K.J. Ray Liu, and T.C. Clancy, "Primary-Prioritized Markov Approach for Dynamic Spectrum Allocation," IEEE Trans. Wireless Comm., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1854-1865, Apr. 2009.
[30] C. Zhang, X. Wang, and J. Li, "Cooperative Cognitive Radio with Priority Queuing Analysis," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Comm. (ICC), June 2009.
[31] H. Tran, T.Q. Duong, and H.-J. Zepernick, "Average Waiting Time of Packets with Different Priorities in Cognitive Radio Networks," Proc. IEEE Int'l Symp. Wireless Pervasive Computing (ISWPC), 2010.
[32] I. Suliman and J. Lehtomaki, "Queuing Analysis of Opportunistic Access in Cognitive Radios," Proc. IEEE Int'l Workshop Cognitive Radio and Advanced Spectrum Management (CogART), May 2009.
[33] H. Li, "Queuing Analysis of Dynamic Spectrum Access Subject to Interruptions from Primary Users," Proc. Int'l Conf. Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Comm. (CrownCom), June 2010.
[34] P. Zhu, J. Li, and X. Wang, "A New Channel Parameter for Cognitive Radio," Proc. Int'l Conf. Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Comm. (CrownCom), Aug. 2007.
[35] P. Zhu, J. Li, and X. Wang, "Scheduling Model for Cognitive Radio," Proc. Int'l Conf. Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Comm. (CrownCom), May 2008.
[36] S. Wang and H. Zheng, "A Resource Management Design for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks," Proc. IEEE Military Comm. Conf. (MILCOM), Oct. 2009.
[37] F. Borgonovo, M. Cesana, and L. Fratta, "Throughput and Delay Bounds for Cognitive Transmissions," Advances in Ad Hoc Networking, vol. 265, pp. 179-190, Aug. 2008.
[38] H.-P. Shiang and M. van der Schaar, "Queuing-Based Dynamic Channel Selection for Heterogeneous Multimedia Applications over Cognitive Radio Networks," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 896-909, Aug. 2008.
[39] Y.-C. Liang, Y. Zeng, E.C. Peh, and A.T. Hoang, "Sensing-Throughput Tradeoff for Cognitive Radio Networks," IEEE Trans. Wireless Comm., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1326-1337, Apr. 2008.
[40] P. Wang, L. Xiao, S. Zhou, and J. Wang, "Optimization of Detection Time for Channel Efficiency in Cognitive Radio Systems," Proc. IEEE Wireless Comm. and Networking Conf., Mar. 2011.
[41] W.-Y. Lee and I.F. Akyildiz, "Optimal Spectrum Sensing Framework for Cognitive Radio Networks," IEEE Trans. Wireless Comm., vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 3845-3857, Oct. 2008.
[42] C.R. Stevenson, G. Chouinard, Z. Lei, W. Hu, S.J. Shellhammer, and W. Caldwell, "IEEE 802.22: The First Cognitive Radio Wireless Regional Area Network Standard," IEEE Comm. Magazine, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 130-138, Jan. 2009.
[43] IEEE Std 802.11-1999, Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Specific Requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, IEEE, Sept. 1999.
[44] L.-C. Wang, C.-W. Wang, and F. Adachi, "Load-Balancing Spectrum Decision for Cognitive Radio Networks," IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 757-769, Apr. 2011.
[45] L.-C. Wang, Y.-C. Lu, C.-W. Wang, and D.S.-L. Wei, "Latency Analysis for Dynamic Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio: Dedicated or Embedded Control Channel?" Proc. IEEE Int'l Symp. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Comm. (PIMRC), Sept. 2007.
[46] J. Mo, H.-S. W. So, and J. Walrand, "Comparison of Multichannel MAC Protocols," IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 50-65, Jan. 2008.
[47] C.-W. Wang, "Queuing-Theoretical Spectrum Management Techniques for Cognitive Radio Networks," PhD dissertation, Nat'l Chiao-Tung Univ., Sept. 2010.
[48] X. Li and S.A. Zekavat, "Traffic Pattern Prediction and Performance Investigation for Cognitive Radio Systems," Proc. IEEE Wireless Comm. and Networking Conf. (WCNC), Mar. 2008.
[49] C.-H. Ng and B.-H. Soong, Queuing Modelling Fundamentals with Applications in Communication Networks, second ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008.
[50] R.W. Wolff, "Poisson Arrivals See Time Averages," Operations Research, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 223-231, Mar./Apr 1982.
[51] S.K. Bose, An Introduction to Queuing Systems. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2002.
[52] W. Hu, D. Willkomm, G. Vlantis, M. Gerla, and A. Wolisz, "Dynamic Frequency Hopping Communities for Efficient IEEE 802.22 Operation," IEEE Comm. Magazine, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 80-87, May 2007.
[53] L. Kleinrock, Queuing Systems: Computer Applications, vol. 2. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1975.
[54] IEEE Std 802.22-2011, Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) Specific Requirements Part 22: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Policies and Procedures for Operation in the TV Bands, IEEE, July 2011.
[55] ETSI, "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Selection Procedures for the Choice of Radio Transmission Technologies of the UMTS," Technical Report UMTS 30.03, version 3.2.0, Apr. 1998.
[56] C.R. Stevenson, C. Cordeiro, E. Sofer, and G. Chouinard, IEEE 802.22-05/0007r46, Functional Requirements for the 802.22 WRAN Standard, IEEE, Sept. 2005.
[57] A. Banaei and C.N. Georghiades, "Throughput Analysis of a Randomized Sensing Scheme in Cell-Based Ad-Hoc Cognitive Networks," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Comm. (ICC), June 2009.
[58] M. Huang, R. Yu, and Y. Zhang, "Call Admission Control with Soft-QoS Based Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks," Proc. Int'l Conf. Wireless Comm. and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), June 2009.
[59] C.-W. Wang, L.-C. Wang, and F. Adachi, "Optimal Admission Control in Cognitive Radio Networks with Sensing Errors," IEICE technical report, vol. 109, no. 440, pp. 491-496, Mar. 2010.
[60] P. Phunchongharn, D. Niyato, E. Hossain, and S. Camorlinga, "An EMI-Aware Prioritized Wireless Access Scheme for e-Health Applications in Hospital Environments," IEEE Trans. Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1247-1258, Sept. 2010.

Index Terms:
Markov processes,Random processes,Computational modeling,Analytical models,Mobile computing,Mobile radio mobility management,Cognitive radio,Queueing analysis,queuing theory.,Cognitive radio,spectrum handoff,spectrum mobility,preemptive priority,preemption
Citation:
Li-Chun Wang, Chung-Wei Wang, Chung-Ju Chang, "Modeling and Analysis for Spectrum Handoffs in Cognitive Radio Networks," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 1499-1513, Sept. 2012, doi:10.1109/TMC.2011.155
Usage of this product signifies your acceptance of the Terms of Use.