DECODE: Exploiting Shadow Fading to DEtect COMoving Wireless DEvices

Gayathri Chandrasekaran; Richard P. Martin; Jie Yang; Mesut Ali Ergin; Marco Gruteser; Yingying Chen

doi:10.1109/TMC.2009.131

Publication
2009
Issue No. 12 - December
Abstract - DECODE: Exploiting Shadow Fading to DEtect COMoving Wireless DEvices

	This Article
	Subscribers, please Login Purchase article: $19 PDF HTML IEEE Xplore Subscribers RSS feed
	Share
	Email this Article to a friend
	Bibliographic References
	ASCII Text BibTex RefWorks Procite/RefMan/EndNote
	Add to:
	Digg Furl Spurl Blink Simpy Google Del.icio.us Y!MyWeb
	Search
	Similar Articles Articles by Gayathri Chandrasekaran Articles by Mesut Ali Ergin Articles by Marco Gruteser Articles by Richard P. Martin Articles by Jie Yang Articles by Yingying Chen

DECODE: Exploiting Shadow Fading to DEtect COMoving Wireless DEvices

December 2009 (vol. 8 no. 12)

pp. 1663-1675

	ASCII Text	x
	Gayathri Chandrasekaran, Mesut Ali Ergin, Marco Gruteser, Richard P. Martin, Jie Yang, Yingying Chen, "DECODE: Exploiting Shadow Fading to DEtect COMoving Wireless DEvices," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1663-1675, December, 2009.

	BibTex	x
	@article{ 10.1109/TMC.2009.131, author = {Gayathri Chandrasekaran and Mesut Ali Ergin and Marco Gruteser and Richard P. Martin and Jie Yang and Yingying Chen}, title = {DECODE: Exploiting Shadow Fading to DEtect COMoving Wireless DEvices}, journal ={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing}, volume = {8}, number = {12}, issn = {1536-1233}, year = {2009}, pages = {1663-1675}, doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TMC.2009.131}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, }

	RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote	x
	TY - JOUR JO - IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing TI - DECODE: Exploiting Shadow Fading to DEtect COMoving Wireless DEvices IS - 12 SN - 1536-1233 SP1663 EP1675 EPD - 1663-1675 A1 - Gayathri Chandrasekaran, A1 - Mesut Ali Ergin, A1 - Marco Gruteser, A1 - Richard P. Martin, A1 - Jie Yang, A1 - Yingying Chen, PY - 2009 KW - Comovement KW - localization KW - Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) KW - shadow fading KW - correlation coefficient. VL - 8 JA - IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing ER -

Gayathri Chandrasekaran, WINLAB, Technology Centre of New Jersery, Rutgers and The State University of New Jersey, North Brunswick

Mesut Ali Ergin, WINLAB, Technology Centre of New Jersery, Rutgers and The State University of New Jersey, North Brunswick

Marco Gruteser, WINLAB, Technology Centre of New Jersery, Rutgers and The State University of New Jersey, North Brunswick

Richard P. Martin, Rutgers University, Piscataway

Jie Yang, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken

Yingying Chen, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken

DOI Bookmark: http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TMC.2009.131

We present the DECODE technique to determine whether a set of transmitters are comoving, i.e., moving together in close proximity. Comovement information can find use in applications ranging from inventory tracking to social network sensing and to optimizing mobile device localization. The positioning errors from indoor RSS-based localization systems tend to be too large, making it difficult to detect whether two devices are moving together based on the interdevice distances. DECODE achieves accurate comovement detection by exploiting the correlations in positioning errors over time. DECODE can not only be implemented in the position space but also in the signal space where a correlation in shadow fading due to objects blocking the path between the transmitter and receiver exists. This technique requires no change in or cooperation from the tracked devices other than sporadic transmission of packets. Using experiments from an office environment, we show that DECODE can achieve near-perfect comovement detection at walking speed mobility using correlation coefficients computed over approximately 60-second time intervals. We further show that DECODE is generic and could accomplish detection for mixed mobile transmitters of different technologies (IEEE 802.11b/g and IEEE 802.15.4), and our results are not very sensitive to the frequency at which transmitters communicate.

[1] E. Elnahrawy, X. Li, and R.P. Martin, “The Limits of Localization Using Signal Strength: A Comparative Study,” Proc. First IEEE Int'l Conf. Sensor and Adhoc Comm. and Networks (SECON), pp. 406-414, Oct. 2004.
[2] Y. Cui and S.S. Ge, “Autonomous Vehicle Positioning with GPS in Urban Canyon Environments,” IEEE Trans. Robotics and Automation, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 15-25, Feb. 2003.
[3] N. Eagle and A.S. Pentland, “Reality Mining: Sensing Complex Social Systems,” Personal Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 10, no. 4, pp.255-268, 2006.
[4] Z. Rong and T.S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall, 2002.
[5] C. Hill and T. Kneisel, “Portable Radio Antenna Performance in the 150, 450, 800, and 900 MHz Bands Outside and In-Vehicle,” IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 750-756, Nov. 1991.
[6] P. Nepa, G. Manara, S. Mugnaini, G. Tribellini, S. Cioci, G. Albasini, and E. Sacchi, “Differential Planar Antennas for 2.4/5.2 GHz WLAN Applications” Proc. IEEE Int'l Symp. Antennas and Propagation Soc., pp. 973-976, July 2006.
[7] N. Jalden, P. Zetterberg, B. Ottersten, A. Hong, and R. Thoma, “Correlation Properties of Large Scale Fading Based on Indoor Measurements,” Proc. IEEE Wireless Comm. and Networking Conf. (WCNC '07), Mar. 2007.
[8] T. Sohn, A. Varshavsky, A. LaMarca, M.Y. Chen, T. Choudhury, I. Smith, S. Consolvo, J. Hightower, W.G. Griswold, and E. de Lara, “Mobility Detection Using Everyday GSM Traces” Proc. Int'l Conf. Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp '06), pp. 212-224, Sept. 2006.
[9] K. Muthukrishnan, M. Lijding, N. Meratnia, and P. Havinga, “Sensing Motion Using Spectral and Spatial Analysis of WLAN RSSI,” Proc. Ninth Workshop Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (EuroSSC '07), Oct. 2007.
[10] J. Krumm and E. Horvitz, “Locadio: Inferring Motion and Location from wi-fi Signal Strengths” Proc. Int'l Conf. Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services (MOBIQUITOUS '04), pp. 4-13, Aug. 2004.
[11] N. Eagle and A. Pentland, “Social Serendipity: Mobilizing Social Software,” IEEE Pervasive Computing, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 28-34, Apr./June 2005.
[12] J. Hightower, R. Want, and G. Borriello, “SpotON: An Indoor 3D Location Sensing Technology Based on RF Signal Strength,” Technical Report UW CSE 2000-02-02, Univ. of Washington, Dept. of Computer Science, Feb. 2000.
[13] R. Want, A. Hopper, V. Falcao, and J. Gibbons, “The Active Badge Location System,” ACM Trans. Information Systems, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 91-102, Jan. 1992.
[14] N. Priyantha, A. Chakraborty, and H. Balakrishnan, “The Cricket Location-Support System” Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp. 32-43, Aug. 2000.
[15] A. Krishnakumar and P. Krishnan, “On the Accuracy of Signal Strength-Based Location Estimation Techniques,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Mar. 2005.
[16] P. Bahl and V. Padmanabhan, “Radar: An In-Building rf-Based User Location and Tracking System,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, vol. 2, pp. 775-784, 2000.
[17] Y. Chen, J. Francisco, W. Trappe, and R.P. Martin, “A Practical Approach to Landmark Deployment for Indoor Localization,” Proc. Third Ann. IEEE Comm. Soc. Conf. Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Comm. and Networks (SECON '06), Sept. 2006.
[18] A.M. Ladd, K.E. Bekris, A. Rudys, G. Marceau, L.E. Kavraki, and D.S. Wallach, “Robotics-Based Location Sensing Using Wireless Ethernet,” Proc. ACM MobiCom, pp. 227-238, 2002.
[19] Y. Chen, G. Chandrasekaran, E. Elnahrawy, J.-A. Francisco, K. Kleisouris, X. Li, R.P. Martin, R.S. Moore, and B. Turgut, “Grail: General Real Time Adaptable Indoor Localization,” Sensor Rev., 2008.
[20] M. Maróti, P. Völgyesi, S. Dóra, B. Kusý, A. Nádas, A. Lédeczi, G. Balogh, and K. Molnár, “Radio Interferometric Geolocation,” Proc. Third Int'l Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys '05), pp. 1-12, 2005.
[21] B. Kusy, A. Ledeczi, and X. Koutsoukos, “Tracking Mobile Nodes Using rf Doppler Shifts,” Proc. Fifth Int'l Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys '07), pp. 29-42, 2007.
[22] K.G. Calkins, E-Book, An Introduction to Statistics, http://tinyurl.com2jlrsu, 2008.
[23] MathWorld, Spearman's Rank Correlation Co-Efficient, http://tinyurl.com3ymsre, 2007.
[24] K. Srinivasan and P. Levis, “RSSI is Under Appreciated,” Proc. Third Workshop Embedded Networked Sensors (EmNets '06), May 2006.
[25] N. Patwari and S.K. Kasera, “Robust Location Distinction Using Temporal Link Signatures,” Proc. ACM MobiCom, Sept. 2007.
[26] Cisco, Inc., Maximum Throughput Calculations for 802.11b WLAN, http://tinyurl.comkv3yjn, 2008.
[27] V. Erceg, L.J. Greenstein, S.Y. Tjandra, S.R. Parkoff, A. Gupta, B. Kulic, A.A. Julius, and R. Bianchi, “An Empirically Based Path Loss Model for Wireless Channels in Suburban Environments,” IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1205-1211, July 1999.
[28] M. Gudmundson, “Correlation Model for Shadow Fading in Mobile Radio Systems,” Electronics Letters, vol. 27, pp. 2145-2146, 1991.
[29] J.H. Stapleton, Linear Statistical Models. Wiley-Interscience, 1995.
[30] X. Zhao, J. Kivinen, P. Vainikainen, and K. Skog, “Propagation Characteristics for Wideband Outdoor Mobile Communications at 5.3 GHz,” Proc. IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., Apr. 2002.

Index Terms:

Comovement, localization, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), shadow fading, correlation coefficient.

Citation:

Gayathri Chandrasekaran, Mesut Ali Ergin, Marco Gruteser, Richard P. Martin, Jie Yang, Yingying Chen, "DECODE: Exploiting Shadow Fading to DEtect COMoving Wireless DEvices," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1663-1675, Dec. 2009, doi:10.1109/TMC.2009.131

Peer Review Notice | Give Us Feedback

Usage of this product signifies your acceptance of the Terms of Use.