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A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Wrapping PDF Documents
December 2011 (vol. 23 no. 12)
pp. 1826-1841
ASCII Text
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Sergio Flesca, Elio Masciari, Andrea Tagarelli, "A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Wrapping PDF Documents," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 1826-1841, December, 2011.
 
 
BibTex
x
 
@article{ 10.1109/TKDE.2010.220,
author = {Sergio Flesca and Elio Masciari and Andrea Tagarelli},
title = {A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Wrapping PDF Documents},
journal ={IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering},
volume = {23},
number = {12},
issn = {1041-4347},
year = {2011},
pages = {1826-1841},
doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TKDE.2010.220},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
}
 
 
RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote
x 
 
TY - JOUR
JO - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
TI - A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Wrapping PDF Documents
IS - 12
SN - 1041-4347
SP1826
EP1841
EPD - 1826-1841
A1 - Sergio Flesca,
A1 - Elio Masciari,
A1 - Andrea Tagarelli,
PY - 2011
KW - Information extraction
KW - fuzzy logic
KW - wrapping
KW - Adobe PDF
KW - print-oriented documents
KW - PDFWrap system.
VL - 23
JA - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
ER -
 
Sergio Flesca, University of Calabria, Rende
Elio Masciari, ICAR Institute of National Research Council, Rende
Andrea Tagarelli, University of Calabria, Rende
The PDF format represents the de facto standard for print-oriented documents. In this paper, we address the problem of wrapping PDF documents, which raises new challenges in several contexts of text data management. Our proposal is based on a novel bottom-up hierarchical wrapping approach that exploits fuzzy logic to handle the “uncertainty” which is intrinsic to the structure and presentation of PDF documents. A PDF wrapper is defined by specifying a set of group type definitions that impose a target structure to groups of tokens containing the required information. Constraints on token groupings are formulated as fuzzy conditions, which are defined on spatial and content predicates of tokens. We define a formal semantics for PDF wrappers and propose an algorithm for wrapper evaluation working in polynomial time with respect to the size of a PDF document. The proposed approach has been implemented in a wrapper generation system that offers visual capabilities to assist the designer in specifying and evaluating a PDF wrapper. Experimental results have shown good accuracy and applicability of our system to PDF documents of various domains.

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Index Terms:
Information extraction, fuzzy logic, wrapping, Adobe PDF, print-oriented documents, PDFWrap system.
Citation:
Sergio Flesca, Elio Masciari, Andrea Tagarelli, "A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Wrapping PDF Documents," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 1826-1841, Dec. 2011, doi:10.1109/TKDE.2010.220
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