|
| This Article | ||
| ||
| Share | ||
| Bibliographic References | ||
| Add to: | ||
 Digg  Furl  Spurl  Blink  Simpy  Google  Del.icio.us  Y!MyWeb | ||
| Search | ||
| ||
| ASCII Text | x | ||
| Silvano Mussi, "Strategic Reasoning Under Trade-Offs between Action Costs and Advantages," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 923-940, November-December, 1997. | |||
| BibTex | x | ||
| @article{ 10.1109/69.649317, author = {Silvano Mussi}, title = {Strategic Reasoning Under Trade-Offs between Action Costs and Advantages}, journal ={IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering}, volume = {9}, number = {6}, issn = {1041-4347}, year = {1997}, pages = {923-940}, doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/69.649317}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, } | |||
| RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote | x | ||
| TY - JOUR JO - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering TI - Strategic Reasoning Under Trade-Offs between Action Costs and Advantages IS - 6 SN - 1041-4347 SP923 EP940 EPD - 923-940 A1 - Silvano Mussi, PY - 1997 KW - Strategic reasoning KW - strategic knowledge KW - trade-off KW - expert systems KW - heuristic reasoning. VL - 9 JA - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering ER - | |||
Abstract—This paper proposes a model for making the most opportune choice among a number of alternatives in situations involving trade-offs and uncertainty. Alternative actions are evaluated on the basis of strategic attributes, such as cost and effectiveness, and the choice is dynamically determined. The issue is addressed by proposing a set of rules (trade-off rules) representing strategic knowledge specifically oriented to solve trade-off problems. Trade-off rules are encoded in conditional sentences such as: "if P then Ci is preferred to Cj," where P specifies a condition that must be satisfied by the strategic attributes associated with two candidate alternatives, and Ci and Cj are general selection criteria such as "Select alternative with the minimum (or maximum) value of a specific attribute ATTR." In the first part of the paper, a deep analysis of various trade-off problems and various interdependencies among choices is presented. The second part proposes a general paradigm for strategic reasoning under trade-offs. The paradigm is evaluated using a diagnostic application in the medical domain. Finally, the proposal is discussed in the context of related work.
[1] P.P. Bonissone and K.S. Decker, "Selecting Uncertainty Calculi and Granularity: An Experiment in Trading-Off Precision and Complexity," Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, L.N. Kanal and J.F. Lemmer, eds. North Holland: Elsevier Science, pp. 217-247, 1986.
[2] P.P. Bonissone, S. Dutta, and N.C Wood, "Merging Strategic and Tactical Planning in Dynamic and Uncertain Environments," IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 841-862, 1994.
[3] J. Bresina and M. Drummond, "Integrating Planning and Reaction: A Preliminary Report," Proc. AAAI Spring Symp. Planning Uncertain, Unpredictable or Changing Environments,Stanford, Calif., pp. 24-28, 1990.
[4] D.A. Clark, "Numerical and Symbolic Approaches to Uncertainty Management in AI," Artificial Intelligence Rev., vol. 4, pp. 109-146, 1990.
[5] P.R. Cohen, "A Theory of Heuristic Reasoning about Uncertainty," AI Magazine, pp. 17-24, 1983.
[6] P.R. Cohen, Heuristic Reasoning about Uncertainty: An Artificial Intelligence Approach.London: Pitman, 1985.
[7] P.R. Cohen, M. Greenberg, and J. De Lisio, "MU: A Development Environment for Prospective Reasoning Systems," Proc. AAAI, Seattle, 1987.
[8] J. Doyle, "Rationality and Its Roles in Reasoning," Computational Intelligence, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 376-409, 1992.
[9] D.M. Eddy, "Probabilistic Reasoning in Clinical Medicine: Problems and Opportunities," Judgement under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, D. Kahneman and P. Slovic, eds. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1982.
[10] R. Firby, "An Investigation into Reactive Planning in Complex Domains," Proc. Sixth Nat'l Conf. Artificial Intelligence, AAAI, pp. 202-206, 1987.
[11] M. Georgeff and A. Lansky, "Reactive Planning and Reasoning," Proc. Sixth Nat'l Conf. Artificial Intelligence, AAAI, pp. 677-682, 1987.
[12] T. Gruber,“Acquiring strategic knowledge from experts,” Int’l J. Man-Machine Studies, vol. 29, pp. 735-741, 1988.
[13] T.R. Gruber, The Acquisition of Strategic Knowledge, Academic Press, 1989.
[14] T. Gruber and P. Cohen, "Design for Acquisition: Principles of Knowledge System Design to Facilitate Knowledge Acquisition," Int'l J. Man-Machine Studies, vol. 26, pp. 143-159, 1987.
[15] S. Hanks, "Projecting Plans for Uncertain Worlds," Dept. of Computer Science, Yale Univ., Report No. Yale/CSD/RR-756, 1990.
[16] J. Hendler, A. Tate, and M. Drummond, "AI Planning: Systems and Techniques," AI Magazine, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 61-77, 1990.
[17] B. Kuipers, A.J. Moskowitz, and J.P. Kassirer, "Critical Decisions under Uncertainty: Representation and Structure," Readings in Uncertain Reasoning, G. Shafer and J. Pearl, eds. San Mateo, Calif.: Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 105-121, 1990.
[18] R. Liscano, R.E. Fayek, A. Manz, E.R. Stuck, and J. Tigli, "Using a Blackboard to Integrate Multiple Activities and Achieve Strategic Reasoning for Mobile-Robot Navigation," IEEE Expert, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 24-36, Apr. 1995.
[19] B. Lopez and E. Plaza, "Case-Based Learning of Strategic Knowledge," Proc. EWSL-91, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence—Machine Learning, Y. Kodratoff, ed., Springer-Verlag, pp. 398-411, 1991.
[20] A.I. Mechitov, H.M. Moshkovich, and D.L. Olson, "Problems of Decision Rule Elicitation in a Classification Task," Int'l J. Decision Support Systems, vol. 12, pp. 115-126, 1994.
[21] S. Mussi, “A Method for Putting Strategic Common Sense into Expert Systems,” IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Eng., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 369-384, June 1993.
[22] H. Raiffa, Decision Analysis: Introductory Lectures on Choices under Uncertainty.Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1970.
[23] P. Solzovits and S.G. Pauker, "Categorical and Probabilistic Reasoning in Medical Diagnosis," Artificial Intelligence J., vol. 11, pp. 115-144, 1978.
[24] S. Tan and J. Pearl, "Qualitative Decision Theory," Proc. AAAI-94, pp. 928-933, 1994.
[25] T.S. Wallsten, D.V. Budescu, and I. Erev, "Understanding and Using Linguistic Uncertainties," Acta Psychology, vol. 68, pp. 39-52, 1988.
[26] M.P. Wellman, Formulation of Trade-Offs in Planning Under Uncertainty, Pitman-London (Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence), 1990.