This Article 
   
 Share 
   
 Bibliographic References 
   
 Add to: 
 
Digg
Furl
Spurl
Blink
Simpy
Google
Del.icio.us
Y!MyWeb
 
 Search 
   
The Squash-and-Stretch Stylization for Character Motions
March 2012 (vol. 18 no. 3)
pp. 488-500
ASCII Text
x 
 
Ji-yong Kwon, In-Kwon Lee, "The Squash-and-Stretch Stylization for Character Motions," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 488-500, March, 2012.
 
 
BibTex
x
 
@article{ 10.1109/TVCG.2011.48,
author = { Ji-yong Kwon and In-Kwon Lee},
title = {The Squash-and-Stretch Stylization for Character Motions},
journal ={IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
issn = {1077-2626},
year = {2012},
pages = {488-500},
doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TVCG.2011.48},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
}
 
 
RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote
x 
 
TY - JOUR
JO - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
TI - The Squash-and-Stretch Stylization for Character Motions
IS - 3
SN - 1077-2626
SP488
EP500
EPD - 488-500
A1 - Ji-yong Kwon,
A1 - In-Kwon Lee,
PY - 2012
KW - covariance matrices
KW - computer animation
KW - joint positions
KW - squash-and-stretch stylization
KW - character motions
KW - spatial exaggeration technique
KW - temporal exaggeration technique
KW - squashed pose
KW - stretched pose
KW - time-warping function
KW - user survey
KW - 2D cartoon animation
KW - human observers
KW - covariance matrix
KW - Joints
KW - Animation
KW - Covariance matrix
KW - Optimization
KW - Shape
KW - Humans
KW - Kinematics
KW - time warping.
KW - Squash-and-stretch
KW - cartoon stylization
KW - motion capture
KW - exaggeration
KW - covariance matrix
VL - 18
JA - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
ER -
 
Ji-yong Kwon, Dept. of Comput. Sci., Yonsei Univ., Seoul, South Korea
In-Kwon Lee, Dept. of Comput. Sci., Yonsei Univ., Seoul, South Korea
The squash-and-stretch describes the rigidity of the character. This effect is the most important technique in traditional cartoon animation. In this paper, we introduce a method that applies the squash-and-stretch effect to character motion. Our method exaggerates the motion by sequentially applying the spatial exaggeration technique and the temporal exaggeration technique. The spatial exaggeration technique globally deforms the pose in order to make the squashed or stretched pose by modeling it as a covariance matrix of joint positions. Then, the temporal exaggeration technique computes a time-warping function for each joint, and applies it to the position of the joint allowing the character to stretch its links appropriately. The motion stylized by our method is a sequence of squashed and stretched poses with stretching limbs. By performing a user survey, we prove that the motion created using our method is similar to that used in 2D cartoon animation and is funnier than the original motion for human observers who are familiar with 2D cartoon animation.

[1] F. Thomas and I. Johnston, The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation. Hyperion, 1981.
[2] J. Lasseter, “Principles of Traditional Animation Applied to 3D Computer Animation,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '87, pp. 35-44, 1987.
[3] M. Unuma, K. Anjyo, and R. Takeuchi, “Fourier Principles for Emotion-Based Human Figure Animation,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '95, pp. 91-96, 1995.
[4] A. Bruderlin and L. Williams, “Motion Signal Processing,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '95, pp. 97-104, 1995.
[5] J. Lee and S.Y. Shin, “A Coordinate-Invariant Approach to Multiresolution Motion Analysis,” Graphical Models, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 87-105, 2001.
[6] J. Lee and S.Y. Shin, “General Construction of Time-Domain Filters for Orientation Data,” IEEE Trans. Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 119-128, Apr.-June 2002.
[7] M. Neff and Y. Kim, “Interactive Editing of Motion Style Using Drives and Correlations,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symp. Computer Animation '09, pp. 103-112, 2009.
[8] R. Williams, The Animator's Survival Kit: A Manual of Methods, Principles and Formulas. Faber and Faber, 2001.
[9] S. Chenney, M. Pingel, R. Iverson, and M. Szymanski, “Simulating Cartoon Style Animation,” Proc. Second Int'l Symp. Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering, pp. 133-138, 2002.
[10] J.-H. Kim, J.-J. Choi, H.J. Shin, and I.-K. Lee, “Anticipation Effect Generation for Character Animation,” Proc. Computer Graphics Int'l Conf., pp. 639-646, 2006.
[11] J. Wang, S.M. Drucker, M. Agrawala, and M.F. Cohen, “The Cartoon Animation Filter,” ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 25, pp. 1169-1173, http://doi.acm.org/10.11451141911.1142010 , July 2006.
[12] D. White, K. Loken, and M. van de Panne, “Slow in and Slow out Cartoon Animation Filter,” SIGGRAPH '06 Poster, 2006.
[13] K. Tateno, W. Xin, S. Obayashi, K. Kondo, and T. Konma, “Motion Stylization Using a Timing Control Method,” Proc. SIGGRAPH '06 Poster, 2006.
[14] M. Kass and J. Anderson, “Animating Oscillatory Motion with Overlap: Wiggly Splines,” ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 27, pp. 28:1-28:8, http://doi.acm.org/10.11451360612.1360627 , Aug. 2008.
[15] P. Coleman, J. Bibliowicz, K. Singh, and M. Gleicher, “Staggered Poses: A Character Motion Representation for Detail-Preserving Editing of Pose and Coordinated Timing,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symp. Computer Animation '08, 2008.
[16] M. Kim, K. Hyun, J. Kim, and J. Lee, “Synchronized Multi-Character Motion Editing,” ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 28, pp. 79:1-79:9, http://doi.acm.org/10.11451531326.1531385 , July 2009.
[17] K. Singh and E. Fiume, “Wires: A Geometric Deformation Technique,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '98, pp. 405-414, 1998.
[18] S. Forstmann and J. Ohya, “Fast Skeletal Animation by Skinned Arc-Spline Based Deformation,” Proc. Eurographics Short Papers, pp. 1-4, 2006.
[19] S. Forstmann, J. Ohya, A. Krohn-Grimberghe, and R. McDougall, “Deformation Styles for Spline-Based Skeletal Animation,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symp. Computer Animation '07, 2007.
[20] X. Yang, A. Somasekharan, and J.J. Zhang, “Curve Skeleton Skinning for Human and Creature Characters,” Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, vol. 17, pp. 281-292, 2006.
[21] Y. Li, M. Gleicher, Y.-Q. Xu, and H.-Y. Shum, “Stylizing Motion with Drawings,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symp. Computer Animation, pp. 309-319, 2003.
[22] P. Noble and W. Tang, “Automatic Expressive Deformations for Implying and Stylizing Motion,” Visual Computer, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 523-533, 2007.
[23] J.-Y. Kwon and I.-K. Lee, “Exaggerating Character Motions Using Sub-Joint Hierarchy,” Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1677-1686, 2008.
[24] B.L. Callennec and R. Boulic, “Robust Kinematic Constraint Detection for Motion Data,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symp. Computer Animation '06, pp. 281-290, 2006.
[25] M. Gleicher, “Motion Editing with Spacetime Constraints,” Proc. Symp. Interactive 3D Graphics '97, pp. 139-ff., 1997.
[26] F. Pighin and J.P. Lewis, “Practical Least-Squares for Computer Graphics,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '07 Courses, pp. 1-57, 2007.
[27] C. Hecker, B. Raabe, R.W. Enslow, J. DeWeese, J. Maynard, and K. van Prooijen, “Real-Time Motion Retargeting to Highly Varied User-Created Morphologies,” ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 27, pp. 27:1-27:11, http://doi.acm.org/10.11451360612.1360626 , Aug. 2008.
[28] J. Lee, J. Chai, P.S.A. Reitsma, J.K. Hodgins, and N.S. Pollard, “Interactive Control of Avatars Animated with Human Motion Data,” ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 21, pp. 491-500, http://doi.acm.org/10.1145566654.566607, July 2002.

Index Terms:
covariance matrices,computer animation,joint positions,squash-and-stretch stylization,character motions,spatial exaggeration technique,temporal exaggeration technique,squashed pose,stretched pose,time-warping function,user survey,2D cartoon animation,human observers,covariance matrix,Joints,Animation,Covariance matrix,Optimization,Shape,Humans,Kinematics,time warping.,Squash-and-stretch,cartoon stylization,motion capture,exaggeration,covariance matrix
Citation:
Ji-yong Kwon, In-Kwon Lee, "The Squash-and-Stretch Stylization for Character Motions," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 488-500, March 2012, doi:10.1109/TVCG.2011.48
Usage of this product signifies your acceptance of the Terms of Use.