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Natural Perspective Projections for Head-Mounted Displays
July 2011 (vol. 17 no. 7)
pp. 888-899
ASCII Text
x 
 
Frank Steinicke, Gerd Bruder, Scott Kuhl, Pete Willemsen, Markus Lappe, Klaus H. Hinrichs, "Natural Perspective Projections for Head-Mounted Displays," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 888-899, July, 2011.
 
 
BibTex
x
 
@article{ 10.1109/TVCG.2010.248,
author = {Frank Steinicke and Gerd Bruder and Scott Kuhl and Pete Willemsen and Markus Lappe and Klaus H. Hinrichs},
title = {Natural Perspective Projections for Head-Mounted Displays},
journal ={IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
issn = {1077-2626},
year = {2011},
pages = {888-899},
doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TVCG.2010.248},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
}
 
 
RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote
x 
 
TY - JOUR
JO - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
TI - Natural Perspective Projections for Head-Mounted Displays
IS - 7
SN - 1077-2626
SP888
EP899
EPD - 888-899
A1 - Frank Steinicke,
A1 - Gerd Bruder,
A1 - Scott Kuhl,
A1 - Pete Willemsen,
A1 - Markus Lappe,
A1 - Klaus H. Hinrichs,
PY - 2011
KW - Virtual reality
KW - head-mounted displays
KW - field of view.
VL - 17
JA - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
ER -
 
Frank Steinicke, University of Münster, Münster
Gerd Bruder, University of Münster, Münster
Scott Kuhl, Michigan Technical University, Houghton
Pete Willemsen, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth
Markus Lappe, University of Münster, Münster
Klaus H. Hinrichs, University of Münster, Münster
The display units integrated in today's head-mounted displays (HMDs) provide only a limited field of view (FOV) to the virtual world. In order to present an undistorted view to the virtual environment (VE), the perspective projection used to render the VE has to be adjusted to the limitations caused by the HMD characteristics. In particular, the geometric field of view (GFOV), which defines the virtual aperture angle used for rendering of the 3D scene, is set up according to the display field of view (DFOV). A discrepancy between these two fields of view distorts the geometry of the VE in a way that either minifies or magnifies the imagery displayed to the user. It has been shown that this distortion has the potential to affect a user's perception of the virtual space, sense of presence, and performance on visual search tasks. In this paper, we analyze the user's perception of a VE displayed in a HMD, which is rendered with different GFOVs. We introduce a psychophysical calibration method to determine the HMD's actual field of view, which may vary from the nominal values specified by the manufacturer. Furthermore, we conducted two experiments to identify perspective projections for HMDs, which are identified as natural by subjects—even if these perspectives deviate from the perspectives that are inherently defined by the DFOV. In the first experiment, subjects had to adjust the GFOV for a rendered virtual laboratory such that their perception of the virtual replica matched the perception of the real laboratory, which they saw before the virtual one. In the second experiment, we displayed the same virtual laboratory, but restricted the viewing condition in the real world to simulate the limited viewing condition in a HMD environment. We found that subjects evaluate a GFOV as natural when it is larger than the actual DFOV of the HMD—in some cases up to 50 percent—even when subjects viewed the real space with a limited field of view.

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Index Terms:
Virtual reality, head-mounted displays, field of view.
Citation:
Frank Steinicke, Gerd Bruder, Scott Kuhl, Pete Willemsen, Markus Lappe, Klaus H. Hinrichs, "Natural Perspective Projections for Head-Mounted Displays," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 888-899, July 2011, doi:10.1109/TVCG.2010.248
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