| | This Article | |
| |
| |
| | Share | |
| |
| |
| | Bibliographic References | |
| |
| |
| | Add to: | |
| |
Digg
Furl
Spurl
Blink
Simpy
Google
Del.icio.us
Y!MyWeb
| |
| | Search | |
| |
| |
| | |
Scalable L-Infinite Coding of Meshes
May/June 2010 (vol. 16 no. 3)
pp. 513-528
The paper investigates the novel concept of local-error control in mesh geometry encoding. In contrast to traditional mesh-coding systems that use the mean-square error as target distortion metric, this paper proposes a new L-infinite mesh-coding approach, for which the target distortion metric is the L-infinite distortion. In this context, a novel wavelet-based L-infinite-constrained coding approach for meshes is proposed, which ensures that the maximum error between the vertex positions in the original and decoded meshes is lower than a given upper bound. Furthermore, the proposed system achieves scalability in L-infinite sense, that is, any decoding of the input stream will correspond to a perfectly predictable L-infinite distortion upper bound. An instantiation of the proposed L-infinite-coding approach is demonstrated for MESHGRID, which is a scalable 3D object encoding system, part of MPEG-4 AFX. In this context, the advantages of scalable L-infinite coding over L-2-oriented coding are experimentally demonstrated. One concludes that the proposed L-infinite mesh-coding approach guarantees an upper bound on the local error in the decoded mesh, it enables a fast real-time implementation of the rate allocation, and it preserves all the scalability features and animation capabilities of the employed scalable mesh codec.
[1] H. Hoppe, "Progressive Meshes," Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '96, pp. 99-108, 1996.
[2] G. Taubin, A. Guéziec, W. Horn, and F. Lazarus, "Progressive Forest Split Compression," Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '98, pp. 123-132, 1998.
[3] R. Pajarola and J. Rossignac, "Compressed Progressive Meshes," IEEE Trans. Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 6, no. 1-3, pp. 79-93, Jan.-Mar. 2000.
[4] P. Alliez and M. Desbrun, "Progressive Encoding for Lossless Transmission of Triangle Meshes," Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '01, pp. 198-205, 2001.
[5] J. Li and C.-C.J. Kuo, "Progressive Coding of 3-D Graphic Models," Proc. IEEE, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 1052-1063, June 1998.
[6] A.E. Walsh, M. Bourges-Sevenier, MPEG-4 Jump-Start. Prentice Hall, 2002.
[7] F. Pereira and T. Ebrahimi, The MPEG-4 Book. Prentice Hall, 2002.
[8] ISO/IEC Information Technology—Coding of Audio-Visual Objects—Part 16: Animation Framework eXtension (AFX), 14496-16, 2003.
[9] G. Taubin and J. Rossignac, "Geometric Compression through Topological Surgery," ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 84-115, 1998.
[10] P.M. Gandoin and O. Devillers, "Progressive Lossless Compression of Arbitrary Simplicial Complexes," ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 372-379, 2002.
[11] J. Peng and C.-C.J. Kuo, "Geometry-Guided Progressive Lossless 3-D Mesh Coding with Octree Decomposition," ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 609-616, 2005.
[12] Z. Karni and C. Gotsman, "Spectral Compression of Mesh Geometry," Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '00, pp. 279-286, 2000.
[13] M. Lounsbery, T.D. Derose, and J. Warren, "Multiresolution Analysis for Surfaces of Arbitrary Topological Type," ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 34-73, 1997.
[14] A. Khodakovsky, P. Schröder, and W. Sweldens, "Progressive Geometry Compression," Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 271-278, 2000.
[15] A. Khodakovsky, I. Guskov, "Normal Mesh Compression," Geometric Modelling for Scientific Visualization, Springer-Verlag, 2002.
[16] I.A. Salomie, A. Munteanu, A. Gavrilescu, G. Lafruit, P. Schelkens, R. Deklerck, and J. Cornelis, "MeshGrid—A Compact, Multi-Scalable and Animation-Friendly Surface Representation," IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 950-966, July 2004.
[17] I.A. Salomie, "Extraction, Hierarchical Representation and Flexible Compression of Surface Meshes Derived from 3-D Data," PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jan. 2005.
[18] C. Gotsman, S. Gumhold, and L. Kobbelt, "Simplification and Compression of 3-D Meshes," Tutorials on Multiresolution in Geometric Modelling, Springer, 2002.
[19] P. Alliez and C. Gotsman, "Recent Advances in Compression of 3-D Meshes," Proc. Symp. Multiresolution in Geometric Modeling, Sept. 2003.
[20] J. Peng, C.-S. Kim, and C.-C.J. Kuo, "Technologies for 3-D Mesh Compression: A Survey," J. Visual Comm. Image Representation, vol. 16, pp. 688-733, 2005.
[21] G. AlRegib, Y. Altunbasak, and J. Rossignac, "Error-Resilient Transmission of 3-D Models," ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 182-208, Apr. 2005.
[22] M. Garland and P. Heckbert, "Surface Simplification Using Quadric Error Metrics," Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 209-216, 1997.
[23] I. Kompatsiaris, D. Tzovaras, and M.G. Strintzis, "Hierarchical Representation and Coding of Surfaces Using 3D Polygon Meshes," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 1133-1151, Aug. 2001.
[24] F. Payan and M. Antonini, "Mean Square Error Approximation for Wavelet-Based Semiregular Mesh Compression," IEEE Trans. Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 649-657, July 2006.
[25] S-B. Park, C-S. Kim, and S-U. Lee, "Error Resilient 3-D Mesh Compression," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 885-895, Oct. 2006.
[26] D. Tian and G. AlRegib, "Multistreaming of 3-D Scenes with Optimized Transmission and Rendering Scalability," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 736-745, June 2007.
[27] Y. Zhidong, S. Kumar, and C.-C. Jay Kuo, "Error-Resilient Coding of 3-D Graphic Models via Adaptive Mesh Segmentation," IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 860-873, July 2001.
[28] D. Tian, J. Li, and G. AlRegib, "Joint Source and Channel Coding for 3-D Scene Databases Using Vector Quantization and Embedded Parity Objects," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1675-1685, June 2007.
[29] F. Morán and N. García, "Comparison of Wavelet-Based 3-D Model Coding Techniques," IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 937-949, July 2004.
[30] P. Cignoni, C. Rocchini, and R. Scopigno, "METRO: Measuring Error on Simplified Surfaces," Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 167-174, June 1998.
[31] N. Aspert, D. Santa-Cruz, and T. Ebrahimi, "MESH: Measuring Error between Surfaces Using the Hausdorff Distance," Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Multimedia and Expo (ICME), vol. I, pp. 705-708, Aug. 2002.
[32] D.C. Cernea, A. Munteanu, A. Alecu, J. Cornelis, and P. Schelkens, "Scalable Joint Source and Channel Coding of Meshes," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 503-513, Apr. 2008.
[33] A. Alecu, A. Munteanu, P. Schelkens, J. Cornelis, and S. Dewitte, "Wavelet-Based Fixed and Embedded L-Infinite-Constrained Image Coding," J. Electronic Imaging, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 522-538, July 2003.
[34] A. Alecu, A. Munteanu, J. Cornelis, and P. Schelkens, "Wavelet-Based Scalable L-Infinity-Oriented Compression," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 2499-2512, Sept. 2006.
[35] A. Alecu, A. Munteanu, J. Cornelis, S. Dewitte, and P. Schelkens, "On the Optimality of Embedded Deadzone Scalar-Quantizers for Wavelet-Based L-Infinite-Constrained Image Coding," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 367-371, Mar. 2004.
[36] C.D. Cernea, I.A. Salomie, A. Alecu, P. Schelkens, and A. Munteanu, "Wavelet-Based Scalable L-Infinite-Oriented Coding of MPEG-4 Mesh-Grid Surface Models," Proc. SPIE Symp. Optics East, Oct. 2005.
[37] C.D. Cernea, A. Munteanu, J. Cornelis, and P. Schelkens, "Statistical L-Infinite Distortion Estimation in Scalable Coding of Meshes," Proc. IEEE Workshop Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP '08), Oct. 2008.
[38] A. Munteanu, J. Cornelis, G. Van der Auwera, and P. Cristea, "Wavelet-Based Lossless Compression Scheme with Progressive Transmission Capability," Int'l J. Imaging Systems and Technology, vol. 10, pp. 76-85, 1999.
[39] A. Munteanu, J. Cornelis, G. Van der Auwera, and P. Cristea, "Wavelet Image Compression—The Quadtree Coding Approach," IEEE Trans. Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 176-185, Sept. 1999.
[40] J.M. Shapiro, "Embedded Image Coding Using Zerotrees of Wavelet Coefficients," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 3445-3462, Dec. 1993.
[41] A. Said and W. Pearlman, "A New Fast and Efficient Image Codec Based on Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees," IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 243-250, June 1996.
[42] W. Sweldens, "The Lifting Scheme: A Construction of Second Generation Wavelets," SIAM J. Math. Analysis, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 511-546, 1998.
[43] A. Said and W. Pearlman, "An Image Multiresolution Representation for Lossless and Lossy Compression," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1303-1310, Sept. 1996.
[44] P. Schelkens, A. Munteanu, J. Barbarien, M. Galca, X. Giro-Nieto, and J. Cornelis, "Wavelet Coding of Volumetric Medical Datasets," IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 441-458, Mar. 2003.
[45] F. Verdicchio, A. Munteanu, A.I. Gavrilescu, J. Cornelis, and P. Schelkens, "Embedded Multiple Description Coding of Video," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 3114-3130, Oct. 2006.
[46] O. Benedens, "Geometry-Based Watermarking of 3-D Models," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 46-55, Jan. 1999.
[47] A.G. Bors, "Watermarking Mesh-Based Representations of 3-D Objects Using Local Moments," IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 687-701, Mar. 2006.
[48] D. Taubman and M.W. Marcelin, JPEG2000: Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards, and Practice. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
[49] A. Papoulis, Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes. McGraw-Hill, 1987.
Index Terms:
L-infinite coding, L-2 coding, scalable mesh coding, MESHGRID, 3D graphics, MPEG4-AFX, 1-CPRS
Citation:
Adrian Munteanu, Dan C. Cernea, Alin Alecu, Jan Cornelis, Peter Schelkens, "Scalable L-Infinite Coding of Meshes," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 513-528, May-June 2010, doi:10.1109/TVCG.2009.90