This Article 
   
 Share 
   
 Bibliographic References 
   
 Add to: 
 
Digg
Furl
Spurl
Blink
Simpy
Google
Del.icio.us
Y!MyWeb
 
 Search 
   
Fluid Simulation with Articulated Bodies
January/February 2010 (vol. 16 no. 1)
pp. 70-80
ASCII Text
x 
 
Nipun Kwatra, Chris Wojtan, Mark Carlson, Irfan Essa, Peter J. Mucha, Greg Turk, "Fluid Simulation with Articulated Bodies," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 70-80, January/February, 2010.
 
 
BibTex
x
 
@article{ 10.1109/TVCG.2009.66,
author = {Nipun Kwatra and Chris Wojtan and Mark Carlson and Irfan Essa and Peter J. Mucha and Greg Turk},
title = {Fluid Simulation with Articulated Bodies},
journal ={IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
issn = {1077-2626},
year = {2010},
pages = {70-80},
doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TVCG.2009.66},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
}
 
 
RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote
x 
 
TY - JOUR
JO - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
TI - Fluid Simulation with Articulated Bodies
IS - 1
SN - 1077-2626
SP70
EP80
EPD - 70-80
A1 - Nipun Kwatra,
A1 - Chris Wojtan,
A1 - Mark Carlson,
A1 - Irfan Essa,
A1 - Peter J. Mucha,
A1 - Greg Turk,
PY - 2010
KW - Physically-based animation
KW - fluid simulation
KW - motion capture.
VL - 16
JA - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
ER -
 
Nipun Kwatra, Stanford University, Stanford
Chris Wojtan, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
Mark Carlson, DreamWorks Animation, Mountain View
Irfan Essa, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
Peter J. Mucha, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
Greg Turk, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
We present an algorithm for creating realistic animations of characters that are swimming through fluids. Our approach combines dynamic simulation with data-driven kinematic motions (motion capture data) to produce realistic animation in a fluid. The interaction of the articulated body with the fluid is performed by incorporating joint constraints with rigid animation and by extending a solid/fluid coupling method to handle articulated chains. Our solver takes as input the current state of the simulation and calculates the angular and linear accelerations of the connected bodies needed to match a particular motion sequence for the articulated body. These accelerations are used to estimate the forces and torques that are then applied to each joint. Based on this approach, we demonstrate simulated swimming results for a variety of different strokes, including crawl, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly. The ability to have articulated bodies interact with fluids also allows us to generate simulations of simple water creatures that are driven by simple controllers.

[1] D. Enright, S. Marschner, and R. Fedkiw, “Animation and Rendering of Complex Water Surfaces,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '02, pp. 736-744, 2002.
[2] N. Foster and R. Fedkiw, “Practical Animation of Liquids,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '01, pp. 23-30, 2001.
[3] A. Robinson-Mosher, T. Shinar, J. Gretarsson, J. Su, and R. Fedkiw, “Two-Way Coupling of Fluids to Rigid and Deformable Solids and Shells,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '08, pp. 1-9, 2008.
[4] R. Bridson and M. Müller-Fischer, “Fluid Simulation: Siggraph 2007 Course Notes,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '07, pp. 1-81, 2007.
[5] A. Bruderlin and L. Williams, “Motion Signal Processing,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '95, pp. 97-104, 1995.
[6] M. Gleicher, “Retargetting Motion to New Characters,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '98, pp. 33-42, 1998.
[7] L. Kovar, M. Gleicher, and F. Pighin, “Motion Graphs,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '02, pp. 473-482, 2002.
[8] J. Lee, J. Chai, P.S.A. Reitsma, J.K. Hodgins, and N.S. Pollard, “Interactive Control of Avatars Animated with Human Motion Data,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '02, pp. 491-500, 2002.
[9] M. Carlson, P.J. Mucha, and G. Turk, “Rigid Fluid: Animating the Interplay between Rigid Bodies and Fluid,” ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 377-384, 2004.
[10] J.F. O'Brien, V.B. Zordan, and J.K. Hodgins, “Combining Active and Passive Simulations for Secondary Motion,” IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 86-96, July/Aug. 2000.
[11] N. Foster and D. Metaxas, “Realistic Animation of Liquids,” Graphical Models and Image Processing, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 471-483, 1996.
[12] O. Génevaux, A. Habibi, and J.-M. Dischler, “Simulating Fluid-Solid Interaction,” Proc. Graphics Interface, pp. 31-38, June 2003.
[13] E. Guendelman, A. Selle, F. Losasso, and R. Fedkiw, “Coupling Water and Smoke to Thin Deformable and Rigid Shells,” ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 973-981, 2005.
[14] F. Losasso, G. Irving, E. Guendelman, and R. Fedkiw, “Melting and Burning Solids into Liquids and Gases,” IEEE Trans. Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 343-352, May/June 2006.
[15] B.M. Klingner, B.E. Feldman, N. Chentanez, and J.F. O'Brien, “Fluid Animation with Dynamic Meshes,” ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 820-825, Aug. 2006.
[16] N. Chentanez, T.G. Goktekin, B. Feldman, and J. O'Brien, “Simultaneous Coupling of Fluids and Deformable Bodies,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symp. Computer Animation (SCA '06), pp. 325-333, 2006.
[17] C. Batty, F. Bertails, and R. Bridson, “A Fast Variational Framework for Accurate Solid-Fluid Coupling,” ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 100, 2007.
[18] E. Purcell, “Life at Low Reynolds Number,” Am. J. Physics, vol. 45, pp. 3-11, 1976.
[19] M. Oshita and A. Makinouchi, “A Dynamic Motion Control Technique for Human-Like Articulated Figures,” Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 20, no. 3, 2001.
[20] V.B. Zordan and J.K. Hodgins, “Motion Capture-Driven Simulations that Hit and React,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symp. Computer Animation (SCA '02), pp. 89-96, 2002.
[21] P.-F. Yang, J. Laszlo, and K. Singh, “Layered Dynamic Control for Interactive Character Swimming,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symp. Computer Animation (SCA '04), pp.39-47, 2004.
[22] M.A. MacIver, N.A. Patankar, B. Gooch, V. Oza, S. Lee, and O. Curet, “Numerical Simulation of Freely Swimming Fish,” J.Computational Physics, vol. 228, no. 7, pp. 2366-2390, 2009.
[23] X. Tu and D. Terzopoulos, “Artificial Fishes: Physics, Locomotion, Perception, Behavior,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '94, pp. 43-50, 1994.
[24] J.-C. Wu and Z. Popovic, “Realistic Modeling of Bird Flight Animations,” ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 888-895, 2003.
[25] G.D. Yngve, J.F. O'Brien, and J.K. Hodgins, “Animating Explosions,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '00, pp. 29-36, 2000.
[26] T. Takahashi, U. Heihachi, and A. Kunimatsu, “The Simulation of Fluid-Rigid Body Interaction,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '02, p.266, 2002.
[27] T. Takahashi, H. Fujii, A. Kunimatsu, K. Hiwada, T. Saito, K. Tanaka, and H. Ueki, “Realistic Animation of Fluid with Splash and Foam,” Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 391-400, 2003.
[28] J.K. Hodgins, W.L. Wooten, D.C. Brogan, and J.F. O'Brien, “Animating Human Athletics,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '95, pp.71-78, 1995.
[29] P. Faloutsos, M. van de Panne, and D. Terzopoulos, “Composable Controllers for Physics-Based Character Animation,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '01, pp. 251-260, 2001.
[30] S. Redon, N. Galoppo, and M.C. Lin, “Adaptive Dynamics of Articulated Bodies,” ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 936-945, 2005.
[31] R. Featherstone, Robot Dynamics Algorithm. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1987.
[32] D. Halliday and R. Resnick, Physics: Parts I and II. Wiley, 1978.
[33] K. Shoemaker, “Animating Rotation with Quaternion Curves,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '85, pp. 245-254, 1985.
[34] J. Stam, “Stable Fluids,” Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH '99, pp. 121-128, 1999.
[35] B. Kim, Y. Liu, I. Llamas, and J. Rossignac, “Flowfixer: Using Bfecc for Fluid Simulation,” Proc. Eurographics Workshop Natural Phenomena, 2005.
[36] L.E. Becker, S.A. Koehler, and H.A. Stone, “On Self-Propulsion of Micro-Machines at Low Reynolds Number: Purcell's Three-Link Swimmer,” J. Fluid Mechanics, vol. 490, pp. 15-35, 2003.
[37] B. Gettelfinger and E.L. Cussler, “Will Humans Swim Faster or Slower in Syrup?” Am. Inst. of Chemical Eng. J., vol. 50, pp.2646-2647, 2004.

Index Terms:
Physically-based animation, fluid simulation, motion capture.
Citation:
Nipun Kwatra, Chris Wojtan, Mark Carlson, Irfan Essa, Peter J. Mucha, Greg Turk, "Fluid Simulation with Articulated Bodies," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 70-80, Jan.-Feb. 2010, doi:10.1109/TVCG.2009.66
Usage of this product signifies your acceptance of the Terms of Use.