This Article 
   
 Share 
   
 Bibliographic References 
   
 Add to: 
 
Digg
Furl
Spurl
Blink
Simpy
Google
Del.icio.us
Y!MyWeb
 
 Search 
   
An Accurate and Scalable Clock Synchronization Protocol for IEEE 802.11-Based Multihop Ad Hoc Networks
December 2007 (vol. 18 no. 12)
pp. 1797-1808
ASCII Text
x 
 
Dong Zhou, Ten H. Lai, "An Accurate and Scalable Clock Synchronization Protocol for IEEE 802.11-Based Multihop Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1797-1808, December, 2007.
 
 
BibTex
x
 
@article{ 10.1109/TPDS.2007.1116,
author = {Dong Zhou and Ten H. Lai},
title = {An Accurate and Scalable Clock Synchronization Protocol for IEEE 802.11-Based Multihop Ad Hoc Networks},
journal ={IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems},
volume = {18},
number = {12},
issn = {1045-9219},
year = {2007},
pages = {1797-1808},
doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TPDS.2007.1116},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
}
 
 
RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote
x 
 
TY - JOUR
JO - IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
TI - An Accurate and Scalable Clock Synchronization Protocol for IEEE 802.11-Based Multihop Ad Hoc Networks
IS - 12
SN - 1045-9219
SP1797
EP1808
EPD - 1797-1808
A1 - Dong Zhou,
A1 - Ten H. Lai,
PY - 2007
KW - IEEE 802.11
KW - MANET
KW - clock synchronization
KW - scalability
VL - 18
JA - IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
ER -
 
This paper studies the fundamental problem of clock synchronization in IEEE 802.11-based multihop ad hoc networks. Clock synchronization is important for power saving, network throughput and efficiency of many protocols in an IEEE 802.11-based mobile ad hoc network. The scalability problem of 802.11 timing synchronization has been studied extensively in single hop ad hoc networks and good solutions are available. These solutions, however, do not perform well in a multihop environment. A few multihop solutions for clock synchronization have been proposed recently, but the performances are still not very good. The maximum clock offset is still over 200 ?s for these protocols. This paper proposes an adaptive protocol through beacon transmission prioritization, frequency adjustment and construction of dominating set. The frequency adjustment is proved to be bounded. Simulation studies show that the proposed protocol is able to limit the maximum clock offset to under 50μs after protocol stabilization. The improvement is more than 400% over the current solutions. The proposed protocol also shows great long-term stability, and it handles mobility very well.

[1] S. Bregni, Synchronization of Digital Telecommunications Networks. John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
[2] J. Broch, D. Maltz, D. Johnson, Y. Hu, and J. Jetcheva, “A Performance Comparison of Multihop Wireless Ad Hoc Networking Routing Protocols,” Proc. ACM MobiCom '98, pp. 85-97, 1998.
[3] J. Elson, L. Girod, and D. Estrin, “Fine-Grained Network Time Synchronization Using Reference Broadcasts,” Proc. Usenix Fifth Symp. Operating Systems Design and Implementation, pp. 147-163, 2002.
[4] Y.W. Hong and A. Scaglione, “Time Synchronization and Reach-back Communications with Pulse-Coupled Oscillators for UWB Wireless Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. IEEE Conf. Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies, pp. 190-194, 2003.
[5] IEEE Std 802.11, Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification, IEEE, 1999.
[6] IEEE Std 802.11a, Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification, IEEE, 1999.
[7] IEEE Std 802.11b, Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band, IEEE, 1999.
[8] IEEE Std 802.11g, Amendment 4: Further Higher Data Rate Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band, IEEE, 2003.
[9] L. Huang and T.H. Lai, “On the Scalability of IEEE 802.11 Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. ACM MobiHoc '02, pp. 173-182, 2002.
[10] P. Rauschert, A. Honarbacht, and A. Kummert, “The Efficient Network Synchronization of MANETS,” Proc. IASTED Int'l Conf. Signal and Image Processing, pp. 262-267, 2005.
[11] P. Rauschert, A. Honarbacht, and A. Kummert, “Synchronization of Multihop Ad Hoc Networks Using Connected Dominating Sets,” Proc. IEEE Int'l Symp. Circuits and Systems, pp. 1824-1827, 2006.
[12] C.H. Rentel and T. Kunz, “Network Synchronization in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks,” technical report, Carleton Univ., 2004.
[13] K. Römer and E. Zurich, “Time Synchronization in Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. ACM MobiHoc '01, pp. 173-182, 2001.
[14] J.P. Sheu, C.M. Chao, and C.W. Sun, “A Clock Synchronization Algorithm for Multihop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS '04), pp. 574-581, 2004.
[15] J. So and N. Vaidya, “MTSF: A Timing Synchronization Protocol to Support Synchronous Operations in Multihop Wireless Networks,” technical report, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2004.
[16] Y.C. Tseng, C.S. Hsu, and T.Y. Hsieh, “Power-Saving Protocols for IEEE 802.11-Based Multihop Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM '02, pp. 200-209, 2002.
[17] G. Werner-Allen, G. Tewari, A. Patel, M. Welsh, and R. Nagpal, “Firefly-Inspired Sensor Network Synchronicity with Realistic Radio Effects,” Proc. ACM Conf. Embedded Network Sensor Systems, pp. 142-153, 2005.
[18] R. Zheng, J.C. Hou, and L. Sha, “Asynchronous Wakeup for Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. ACM MobiHoc '03, pp. 35-45, 2003.
[19] D. Zhou and T.H. Lai, “Analysis and Implementation of Scalable Clock Synchronization Protocols in IEEE 802.11 Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS '04), 2004.
[20] D. Zhou and T.H. Lai, “A Compatible and Scalable Clock Synchronization Protocol in IEEE 802.11 Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. Int'l Conf. Parallel Processing (ICPP '05), pp. 295-302, 2005.

Index Terms:
IEEE 802.11, MANET, clock synchronization, scalability
Citation:
Dong Zhou, Ten H. Lai, "An Accurate and Scalable Clock Synchronization Protocol for IEEE 802.11-Based Multihop Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1797-1808, Dec. 2007, doi:10.1109/TPDS.2007.1116
Usage of this product signifies your acceptance of the Terms of Use.