This Article 
   
 Share 
   
 Bibliographic References 
   
 Add to: 
 
Digg
Furl
Spurl
Blink
Simpy
Google
Del.icio.us
Y!MyWeb
 
 Search 
   
Performance Evaluation of Storage Systems Based on Network-Attached Disks
September 2000 (vol. 11 no. 9)
pp. 956-968

Abstract—The emergence of network-attached disks provides the possibility of transferring data between the storage system and the client directly. This offers new possibilities in building a distributed storage system. In this paper, we examine different storage organizations based on network-attached disks and compare the performance of these systems to a traditional system. Trace-driven simulations are used to measure the average response times of the client requests in two different workloads. We show that the advantages of distributing the server's network processing load to disks can be offset by losses in cache hits in a system based on network-attached disks. The two workloads we considered highlight this impact. We show that it is possible to offload significant load from the server by utilizing network-attached disks and point out that specific applications may be able to better exploit the features of network-attached disks.

[1] P. Trautman and B. Nelson, “An Overview of NFS Server Using Functional Multiprocessing,” Technical Report 10, Auspex Eng., Auspex Corp., Apr. 1997
[2] J.H. Howard, M.L. Kazar, S.G. Menees, D.A. Nichols, M. Satyanarayanan, R.N. Sidebotham, and M.J. West, "Scale and performance in a distributed file system," ACM Trans. Comp. Sys., vol. 6, no. 1, Feb. 1988.
[3] M. Satyanarayanan, “Scalable, Secure, and Highly Available Distributed File Access,” Computer, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 9-21, May 1990.
[4] Seagate Corporation, “Fibre Channel: The Digital Highway Made Practical,” technical report, Seagate Corp., 1994. http://www.seagate.com/support/disc/papers fibp. shtml.
[5] R.W. Horst, "TNet: A Reliable System Area Network," IEEE Micro, Feb. 1994, pp. 37-45.
[6] G.A. Gibson, D. Nagle, K. Amiri, F.W. Chang, E.M. Feinberg, H. Gobioff, C. Lee, B. Ozceri, E. Riedel, D. Rochberg, and J. Zelenka, “File Server Scaling with Network-Attached Secure Disks,” Proc. SIGMETRICS Conf. Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, June 1997.
[7] D.A. Patterson, G. Gibson, and R.H. Katz, “A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID),” Proc. ACM SIGMOD Conf., pp. 109–116, 1988.
[8] M. Livny, S. Khoshafian, and H. Boral, “Multi-Disk Management Algorithms,” Proc. SIGMETRICS, pp. 69–77, May 1987.
[9] M.D. Dahlin, R.Y. Wang, T.E. Anderson, and D.A. Patterson, “Cooperative Caching: Using Remote Client Memory to Improve File System Performance,” Proc. First Symp. Operating System Design and Implementation, pp. 267–280, Nov. 1994.
[10] M. Arlitt and C. Williamson, "Web Server Workload Characterization: The Search for Invariants," Proc. SIGMETRICS Int'l Conf. Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, ACM Press, New York, 1996, pp. 126-127.
[11] P.M. Chen and D.A. Patterson, "Maximizing Performance in a Striped Disk Array," Proc. 17th Int'l Symp. Computer Architecture,Seattle, pp. 322-331, May 1990.
[12] H.D. Schwetman, “CSIM: A C-Based, Process-Oriented Simulation Language,” Technical Report PP-080-85, Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corp., Austin, Tex., May 1985.
[13] B. Dimpsey, private communication, IBM, Austin, Tex., 1996.
[14] D. Clark et al., "An Analysis of TCP Processing Overhead," IEEE Comm., vol. 27, no. 6, June 1989, pp. 23-29.
[15] J. Kay and J. Pasquale, “Measurement, Analysis and Improvement of UDP/IP Throughput for the DECStation 5000,” technical report, Univ. of California, San Diego, 1996.
[16] V. Pai, M. Aron, G. Banga, M. Svendsen, P. Drushel, W. Zwaenepoel, and E. Nahum, “Locality-Aware Request Distribution in Cluster-Based Network Servers,” Proc. Eighth Int'l Conf. Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, 1998.
[17] A. Acharya, M. Uysal, and J. Saltz, “Active Disks,” Proc. Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), Oct. 1998.
[18] E. Riedel, G. Gibson, and C. Faloustos, “Active Storage for Large-Scale Data Mining and Multimedia,” Proc. 24th VLDB Conf., 1998.
[19] J.H. Hartman, J.K. Ousterhout, “The Zebra Striped Network File System,” Proc. 14th Symp. Operating Systems Principles, pp. 29–43, Dec. 1993.
[20] D.D.E. Long, B.R. Montague, and L. Cabrera, “Swift/RAID: A Distributed RAID System,” Computing Systems, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 333–359, 1994.
[21] E.D. Katz, M. Butler, R. McGrath, “A Scalable HTTP Server: The NCSA Prototype,” Proc. First Int'l WWW Conf., May 1994.
[22] R. Van Meter, “A Brief Survey of Current Work on Network Attached Peripherals,” Operating Systems Review, vol. 30, no. 1, Jan. 1996.
[23] D.A. Menascé, O. Pentakalos, and Y. Yesha, “An Analytic Model of Hierarchical Mass Storage Systems with Network-Attached Storage Devices,” Proc. ACM Sigmetrics Conf., May 1996.
[24] A.L. Drapeau, K.W. Shiriff, J.H. Hartman, E.L. Miller, S. Seshan, R.H. Katz, K. Lutz, D.A. Patterson, E.K. Lee, P.M. Chen, and G.A. Gibson, “RAID-II: A High Bandwidth Network File Server,” Proc. Int'l Symp. Computer Architecture, pp. 234–244, 1994.
[25] C.A. Thekkath, H.M. Levy, and E.D. Lazowska, "Separating Data and Control Transfer in Distributed Operating Systems," Proc. Sixth Int'l Conf. Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, ACM Press, New York, 1994, pp. 2-11.
[26] M.D. Dahlin, C.J. Mather, R.Y. Wang, T.E. Anderson, and D.A. Patterson, "A quantitative analysis of cache policies for scalable network file systems," Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS,Nashville, Tenn., pp. 150-160, May 1994.

Index Terms:
Storage systems, network-attached disks, performance evaluation, file systems, web servers, response time, caching.
Citation:
Gang Ma, Adnan Khaleel, A.L. Narasimha Reddy, "Performance Evaluation of Storage Systems Based on Network-Attached Disks," IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 956-968, Sept. 2000, doi:10.1109/71.879778
Usage of this product signifies your acceptance of the Terms of Use.