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On the Interplay of Voltage/Frequency Scaling and Device Power Management for Frame-Based Real-Time Embedded Applications
January 2012 (vol. 61 no. 1)
pp. 31-44
ASCII Text
x 
 
Vinay Devadas, Hakan Aydin, "On the Interplay of Voltage/Frequency Scaling and Device Power Management for Frame-Based Real-Time Embedded Applications," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 31-44, January, 2012.
 
 
BibTex
x
 
@article{ 10.1109/TC.2010.248,
author = {Vinay Devadas and Hakan Aydin},
title = {On the Interplay of Voltage/Frequency Scaling and Device Power Management for Frame-Based Real-Time Embedded Applications},
journal ={IEEE Transactions on Computers},
volume = {61},
number = {1},
issn = {0018-9340},
year = {2012},
pages = {31-44},
doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TC.2010.248},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
}
 
 
RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote
x 
 
TY - JOUR
JO - IEEE Transactions on Computers
TI - On the Interplay of Voltage/Frequency Scaling and Device Power Management for Frame-Based Real-Time Embedded Applications
IS - 1
SN - 0018-9340
SP31
EP44
EPD - 31-44
A1 - Vinay Devadas,
A1 - Hakan Aydin,
PY - 2012
KW - Real-time systems
KW - energy management
KW - voltage/frequency scaling
KW - device power management.
VL - 61
JA - IEEE Transactions on Computers
ER -
 
Vinay Devadas, George Mason University, Fairfax
Hakan Aydin, George Mason University, Fairfax
Voltage/Frequency Scaling (VFS) and Device Power Management (DPM) are two popular techniques commonly employed to save energy in real-time embedded systems. VFS policies aim at reducing the CPU energy, while DPM-based solutions involve putting the system components (e.g., memory or I/O devices) to low-power/sleep states at runtime, when sufficiently long idle intervals can be predicted. Despite numerous research papers that tackled the energy minimization problem using VFS or DPM separately, the interactions of these two popular techniques are not yet well understood. In this paper, we undertake an exact analysis of the problem for a real-time embedded application running on a VFS-enabled CPU and using multiple devices. Specifically, by adopting a generalized system-level energy model, we characterize the variations in different components of the system energy as a function of the CPU processing frequency. Then, we propose a provably optimal and efficient algorithm to determine the optimal CPU frequency as well as device state transition decisions to minimize the system-level energy. We also extend our solution to deal with workload variability. The experimental evaluations confirm that substantial energy savings can be obtained through our solution that combines VFS and DPM optimally under the given task and energy models.

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Index Terms:
Real-time systems, energy management, voltage/frequency scaling, device power management.
Citation:
Vinay Devadas, Hakan Aydin, "On the Interplay of Voltage/Frequency Scaling and Device Power Management for Frame-Based Real-Time Embedded Applications," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 31-44, Jan. 2012, doi:10.1109/TC.2010.248
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