This Article 
   
 Share 
   
 Bibliographic References 
   
 Add to: 
 
Digg
Furl
Spurl
Blink
Simpy
Google
Del.icio.us
Y!MyWeb
 
 Search 
   
Secondary Radix Recodings for Higher Radix Multipliers
February 2005 (vol. 54 no. 2)
pp. 111-123
For progressively higher radices, the reduction in partial products obtained by the well-known modified Booth multiplier recoding is offset by the need to precompute a rapidly increasing store of odd multiples of the multiplicand as inputs to each partial product generator (PPG). We propose secondary radix multiplier recoding schemes reducing the number of odd multiples required in the store for very high radix recodings (e.g., radix 2^r for 5 \le r \le 16). The proposed recoding schemes allow reduction of the number of partial products in the implementation by factors between and beyond the reduction factors of 2, 3, and 4 that can be achieved by traditional Booth recodings to radices 4, 8, and 16, respectively. We develop the theory of these recodings and provide methodology for secondary radix selection. Finally, we summarize latency and cost evaluations of selected implementations indicating potential cost and performance/cost advantages for practical operand sizes.

[1] H. Al-Twaijry, “Area and Performance Optimized CMOS Multipliers,” PhD thesis, Stanford Univ., Aug. 1997.
[2] G.W. Bewick, “Fast Multiplication: Algorithms and Implementation,” PhD thesis, Stanford Univ., Mar. 1994.
[3] A.D. Booth, “A Signed Binary Multiplication Technique,” Quarterly J. Mechanical and Applied Math., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 236-240, 1951.
[4] B.S. Cherkauer and E.G. Friedman, “A Hybrid Radix-4/Radix-8 Low Power Signed Multiplier Architecture,” IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 656-659, Aug. 1995.
[5] J. Clouser, M. Matson, R. Badeau, R. Dupcak, S. Samudrala, R. Allmon, and N. Fairbanks, “A 600-MHz Superscalar Floating-Point Processor,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 1026-1029, 1999.
[6] M. Ercegovac and T. Lang, Digital Arithmetic. Morgan Kaufmann, 2004.
[7] IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic, ANSI/IEEE754-1985, New York, 1985
[8] C.N. Lyu and D.W. Matula, “Redundant Binary Booth Recoding,” Proc. 12th IEEE Int'l Symp. Computer Arithmetic (Arith12), pp. 50-57, 1995.
[9] P.E. Madrid, B. Millar, and E.E. Swartzlander, “Modified Booth Algorithm for High Radix Multiplication,” Proc. IEEE Computer Design Conf., pp. 118-121, 1992.
[10] D.W. Matula, “Basic Digit Sets for Radix Representations,” J. ACM, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1131-1143, 1982.
[11] S.M. Mueller and W.J. Paul, Computer Architecture— Complexity and Correctness. Springer, 2000.
[12] W.J. Paul and P.-M. Seidel, “To Booth or Not to Booth?” INTEGRATION, the VLSI J., vol. 32, pp. 5-40, 2002.
[13] L.P. Rubinfeld, “A Proof of the Modified Booth's Algorithm for Multiplication,” IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1014-1015 Oct. 1975.
[14] P.-M. Seidel, L. McFearin, and D.W. Matula, “Binary Multiplication Radix-32 and Radix-256,” Proc. 15th IEEE Int'l Symp. Computer Arithmetic (Arith15), pp. 23-32, 2001.

Index Terms:
Binary multiplication, recoding, high radix, digit set, Booth recoding, partial product reduction, mixed radix representation.
Citation:
Peter-Michael Seidel, Lee D. McFearin, David W. Matula, "Secondary Radix Recodings for Higher Radix Multipliers," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 111-123, Feb. 2005, doi:10.1109/TC.2005.32
Usage of this product signifies your acceptance of the Terms of Use.