Publication 2004 Issue No. 12 - December Abstract - Designing WDM Optical Interconnects with Full Connectivity by Using Limited Wavelength Conversion
Designing WDM Optical Interconnects with Full Connectivity by Using Limited Wavelength Conversion
December 2004 (vol. 53 no. 12)
pp. 1547-1556
 ASCII Text x Yuanyuan Yang, Jianchao Wang, "Designing WDM Optical Interconnects with Full Connectivity by Using Limited Wavelength Conversion," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 1547-1556, December, 2004.
 BibTex x @article{ 10.1109/TC.2004.113,author = {Yuanyuan Yang and Jianchao Wang},title = {Designing WDM Optical Interconnects with Full Connectivity by Using Limited Wavelength Conversion},journal ={IEEE Transactions on Computers},volume = {53},number = {12},issn = {0018-9340},year = {2004},pages = {1547-1556},doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TC.2004.113},publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},}
 RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote x TY - JOURJO - IEEE Transactions on ComputersTI - Designing WDM Optical Interconnects with Full Connectivity by Using Limited Wavelength ConversionIS - 12SN - 0018-9340SP1547EP1556EPD - 1547-1556A1 - Yuanyuan Yang, A1 - Jianchao Wang, PY - 2004KW - Wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM)KW - optical interconnectsKW - sparse crossbarsKW - concentratorsKW - wavelength conversionKW - permutationKW - multicastKW - multistage networks.VL - 53JA - IEEE Transactions on ComputersER -
Jianchao Wang, IEEE Computer Society
Optical communication, in particular, wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) technique, has become a promising networking choice to meet ever-increasing demands on bandwidth from emerging bandwidth-intensive computing/networking applications. A major challenge in designing WDM optical interconnects is how to provide maximum connectivity while keeping minimum hardware cost. The overall hardware cost of a WDM optical interconnect includes not only the cost of switching elements, but also the cost of wavelength conversion. Previous work mainly focused on minimizing hardware cost without taking into consideration the type of wavelength converters used. In this paper, we design WDM optical interconnects with full connectivity by using the low cost limited wavelength converters. We present optimal WDM optical interconnects for both permutation and multicast in single stage and multistage implementations. We also discuss the impact of the relationship between the number of fibers and the number of wavelengths per fiber on the optimal design. As can be seen, the newly designed WDM optical interconnects have minimum hardware cost in terms of the number of crosspoints and wavelength conversion cost.

[1] B. Mukherjee, Optical Communication Networks. McGraw-Hill, 1997.
[2] B. Mukherjee, “WDM Optical Communication Networks: Progress and Challenges,” IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1810-1824, 2000.
[3] L.H. Sahasrabuddhe and B. Mukherjee, “Light-Trees: Optical Multicasting for Improved Performance in Wavelength-Routed Networks,” IEEE Comm. Magazine, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 67-73, 1999.
[4] J.P. Lang, V. Sharma, and E.A. Varvarigos, “An Analysis of Oblivious and Adaptive Routing in Optical Networks with Wavelength Translation,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 9, pp. 503-517, 2001.
[5] R. Ramaswami and G. Sasaki, “Multiwavelength Optical Networks with Limited Wavelength Conversion,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 6, pp. 744-754, 1998.
[6] X. Qin and Y. Yang, “Nonblocking WDM Switching Networks with Full and Limited Wavelength Conversion,” IEEE Trans. Comm., vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 2032-2041, 2002.
[7] S. Subramaniam, M. Azizoglu, and A.K. Somani, “On the Optimal Placement of Wavelength Converters in Wavelength-Routed Networks,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM '98, vol. 2, pp. 902-909, 1998.
[8] R.K. Pankaj, “Wavelength Requirements for Multicasting in All-Optical Networks,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 414-424, 1999.
[9] Y. Yang, J. Wang, and C. Qiao, “Nonblocking WDM Multicast Switching Networks,” IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1274-1287, Dec. 2000.
[10] Y. Yang and J. Wang, “Cost-Effective Designs of WDM Optical Interconnects,” IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, to appear.
[11] C. Dragone, “An $n \times n$ Optical Multiplexor Using a Plannar Arrangement of Two Star Couplers,” IEEE Photonic Technology Letters, vol. 6, pp. 812-815, Sept. 1991.
[12] M. O'Mahony, D. Simeonidou, D. Hunter, and A. Tzanakaki, “The Application of Optical Packet Switching in Future Communication Networks,” IEEE Comm. Magazine, pp. 128-135, Mar. 2001.
[13] J. Ramamirtham and J.S. Turner, “Design of Wavelength Converting Switches for Optical Burst Switching,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM '02, vol. 2, pp. 1162-1171, 2002.
[14] H.Q. Ngo, D. Pan, and C. Qiao, “Nonblocking WDM Switches Based on Arrayed Waveguide Grating and Limited Wavelength Conversion,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM '04, 2004.
[15] C. Clos, “A Study of Non-Blocking Switching Networks,” The Bell System Technical J., vol. 32, pp. 406-424, 1953.
[16] V.E. Benes, “Optimal Rearrangeable Multistage Connecting Networks,” The Bell System Technical J., vol. 43, pp. 1641-1656, 1964.
[17] Y. Yang and G.M. Masson, “Nonblocking Broadcast Switching Networks,” IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 1005-1015, Sept. 1991.
[18] Y. Yang and J. Wang, “A New Design for Wide-Sense Nonblocking Multicast Switching Networks,” Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Comm. (ICC '04), 2004.
[19] G.M. Masson, “Binomial Switching Networks for Concentration and Distribution,” IEEE Trans. Comm., vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 873-883, 1977.
[20] N. Pippenger, “Superconcentrators,” SIAM J. Computing, vol. 6, pp. 298-304, 1977.
[21] S. Nakamura and G.M. Masson, “Lower Bounds on Crosspoints in Concentrators,” IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1173-1178, Dec. 1982.
[22] A.Y. Oruc and H.M. Huang, “Crosspoint Complexity of Sparse Crossbar Concentrators,” IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 1466-1471, 1996.
[23] W. Guo and A.Y. Oruc, “Regular Sparse Crossbar Concentrators,” IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 363-368, Mar. 1998.
[24] M. Hall, Combinatorial Theory. John Wiley & Sons, 1986.

Index Terms:
Wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM), optical interconnects, sparse crossbars, concentrators, wavelength conversion, permutation, multicast, multistage networks.
Citation:
Yuanyuan Yang, Jianchao Wang, "Designing WDM Optical Interconnects with Full Connectivity by Using Limited Wavelength Conversion," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 1547-1556, Dec. 2004, doi:10.1109/TC.2004.113