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Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Deadlock-Free Routing in Meshes and Hypercubes
June 1996 (vol. 45 no. 6)
pp. 666-683
ASCII Text
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Chien-Chun Su, Kang G. Shin, "Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Deadlock-Free Routing in Meshes and Hypercubes," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 666-683, June, 1996.
 
 
BibTex
x
 
@article{ 10.1109/12.506423,
author = {Chien-Chun Su and Kang G. Shin},
title = {Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Deadlock-Free Routing in Meshes and Hypercubes},
journal ={IEEE Transactions on Computers},
volume = {45},
number = {6},
issn = {0018-9340},
year = {1996},
pages = {666-683},
doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/12.506423},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
}
 
 
RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote
x 
 
TY - JOUR
JO - IEEE Transactions on Computers
TI - Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Deadlock-Free Routing in Meshes and Hypercubes
IS - 6
SN - 0018-9340
SP666
EP683
EPD - 666-683
A1 - Chien-Chun Su,
A1 - Kang G. Shin,
PY - 1996
KW - Wormhole routing
KW - adaptive deadlock-free routing
KW - fault-tolerant routing
KW - hypercubes and meshes
KW - k-ary n-cubes.
VL - 45
JA - IEEE Transactions on Computers
ER -
 

Abstract—We present an adaptive deadlock-free routing algorithm which decomposes a given network into two virtual interconnection networks, VIN1 and VIN2. VIN1 supports deterministic deadlock-free routing, and VIN2 supports fully-adaptive routing. Whenever a channel in VIN1 or VIN2 is available, it can be used to route a message.

Each node is identified to be in one of three states: safe, unsafe, and faulty. The unsafe state is used for deadlock-free routing, and an unsafe node can still send and receive messages. When nodes become faulty/unsafe, some channels in VIN2 around the faulty/unsafe nodes are used as the detours of those channels in VIN1 passing through the faulty/unsafe nodes, i.e., the adaptability in VIN2 is transformed to support fault-tolerant deadlock-free routing. Using information on the state of each node's neighbors, we have developed an adaptive fault-tolerant deadlock-free routing scheme for n-dimensional meshes and hypercubes with only two virtual channels per physical link.

In an n-dimensional hypercube, any pattern of faulty nodes can be tolerated as long as the number of faulty nodes is no more than $\lceil\, n/2 \,\rceil$. The maximum number of faulty nodes that can be tolerated is 2n−1, which occurs when all faulty nodes can be encompassed in an (n− 1)-cube. In an n-dimensional mesh, we use a more general fault model, called a disconnected rectangular block. Any arbitrary pattern of faulty nodes can be modeled as a rectangular block after finding both unsafe and disabled nodes (which are then treated as faulty nodes). This concept can also be applied to k-ary n-cubes with four virtual channels, two in VIN1 and the other two in VIN2. Finally, we present simulation results for both hypercubes and 2-dimensional meshes by using various workloads and fault patterns.

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Index Terms:
Wormhole routing, adaptive deadlock-free routing, fault-tolerant routing, hypercubes and meshes, k-ary n-cubes.
Citation:
Chien-Chun Su, Kang G. Shin, "Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Deadlock-Free Routing in Meshes and Hypercubes," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 666-683, June 1996, doi:10.1109/12.506423
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