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Exploring Temporal Patterns in Classifying Frustrated and Delighted Smiles
July-September 2012 (vol. 3 no. 3)
pp. 323-334
| ASCII Text | x | ||
| Mohammed Ehsan Hoque, Daniel J. McDuff, Rosalind W. Picard, "Exploring Temporal Patterns in Classifying Frustrated and Delighted Smiles," IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 323-334, July-September, 2012. | |||
| BibTex | x | ||
| @article{ 10.1109/T-AFFC.2012.11, author = {Mohammed Ehsan Hoque and Daniel J. McDuff and Rosalind W. Picard}, title = {Exploring Temporal Patterns in Classifying Frustrated and Delighted Smiles}, journal ={IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, issn = {1949-3045}, year = {2012}, pages = {323-334}, doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/T-AFFC.2012.11}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, } | |||
| RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote | x | ||
| TY - JOUR JO - IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing TI - Exploring Temporal Patterns in Classifying Frustrated and Delighted Smiles IS - 3 SN - 1949-3045 SP323 EP334 EPD - 323-334 A1 - Mohammed Ehsan Hoque, A1 - Daniel J. McDuff, A1 - Rosalind W. Picard, PY - 2012 KW - Avatars KW - Computers KW - Face KW - Cameras KW - Speech KW - Humans KW - Filling KW - smile while frustrated KW - Expressions classification KW - temporal patterns KW - natural dataset KW - natural versus acted data VL - 3 JA - IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing ER - | |||
We create two experimental situations to elicit two affective states: frustration, and delight. In the first experiment, participants were asked to recall situations while expressing either delight or frustration, while the second experiment tried to elicit these states naturally through a frustrating experience and through a delightful video. There were two significant differences in the nature of the acted versus natural occurrences of expressions. First, the acted instances were much easier for the computer to classify. Second, in 90 percent of the acted cases, participants did not smile when frustrated, whereas in 90 percent of the natural cases, participants smiled during the frustrating interaction, despite self-reporting significant frustration with the experience. As a follow up study, we develop an automated system to distinguish between naturally occurring spontaneous smiles under frustrating and delightful stimuli by exploring their temporal patterns given video of both. We extracted local and global features related to human smile dynamics. Next, we evaluated and compared two variants of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Hidden Markov Models (HMM), and Hidden-state Conditional Random Fields (HCRF) for binary classification. While human classification of the smile videos under frustrating stimuli was below chance, an accuracy of 92 percent distinguishing smiles under frustrating and delighted stimuli was obtained using a dynamic SVM classifier.
Index Terms:
Avatars,Computers,Face,Cameras,Speech,Humans,Filling,smile while frustrated,Expressions classification,temporal patterns,natural dataset,natural versus acted data
Citation:
Mohammed Ehsan Hoque, Daniel J. McDuff, Rosalind W. Picard, "Exploring Temporal Patterns in Classifying Frustrated and Delighted Smiles," IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 323-334, July-Sept. 2012, doi:10.1109/T-AFFC.2012.11
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