ISBN: 0-7695-1509-6

Tak-Wai Chan, National Central University

Robert Lewis, University of Lancaster

Katerine Bielaczyc, Harvard University

Allan Collins, Northwestern University

Rosemary Luckin, University of Sussex Brighton

John Tiffin, Victoria University of Wellington

Carolyn Dowling, Australian Catholic University

Kanji Akahori, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Charles Buabeng-Andoh, Multimedia University

David Asirvatham, Multimedia University

Takashi Ishikawa, Nippon Institute of Technology

Hiroshi Matsuda, Nippon Institute of Technology

Hiroshi Takase, Nippon Institute of Technology

Jin-Tan David Yang, National Kaohsiung Normal University of Taiwan

Chun-Yen Tsai, National Kaohsiung Normal University of Taiwan

Sung-Eun Kim, ETRI

Ran-Hee Lee, ETRI

Chang-Joon Park, ETRI

In-Ho Lee, ETRI

Chul-Hwan Lee, Inchon National University of Education

Sun-Gwan Han, Inchon National University of Education

Osmar R. Zaíane, University of Alberta

Steinar Dragsnes, University of Bergen

Weiqin Chen, University of Bergen

Rune Baggetun, University of Bergen

Anthony Paul De Ritis, Northeastern University

Masayuki Arai, Teikyo University

Hiroshi Shimosakai, Teikyo University

Hiroyoshi Watanabe, Teikyo University

Shigeo Takei, Teikyo University

Dietrich Albert, University of Graz

Cord Hockemeyer, University of Graz

Mahnaz Moallem, University of North Carolina at Wilmington

Sirirat Petsangsri, King Mongkut?s Institute of Technology

Chih-Wei Hue, National Taiwan University

Chien-Huei Kao, National Taiwan University

Ming Lo, National Taiwan University

Chien-Chih Chiang, National Taiwan University

Liong-Yu Tu, Academia Sinica

Wen-Lian Hsu, Academia Sinica

Shinichi Fujita, Waseda University

Keji Omae, Waseda University

ChunChen Lin, Waseda University

Yin Ming, Waseda University

Seinosuke Narita, Waseda University

Chalong Tubsree, Burapha University

Nai-Fen Yu Tubsree, National Taitung Teacher College

Darrell Woelk, Elastic Knowledge

Paul Lefrere, Open University

Hidenobu Kunichika, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Minoru Urushima, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Tsukasa Hirashima, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Akira Takeuchi, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Eshaa M. Alkhalifa, University of Bahrain

Layla AlDallal, University of Bahrain

Yoshiki Kawaguchi, Hiroshima City University

Hiromitu Mori, Hiroshima City University

Manabu Nakamura, Hiroshima City University

Setsuko Otsuki, Hiroshima City University

Yoshiyuki Deguchi, Hiroshima City University

Manabu Nakamura, Hiroshima City University

Setsuko Otsuki, Hiroshima City University

LiongYu Tu, Academia Sinica

Wen-Lian Hsu, Academia Sinica

Shih-Hung Wu, Academia Sinica

Tsukasa Hirashima, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Mutsuko Noguchi, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Akira Takeuchi, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Chiu-Chen Hsieh, Academia Sinica

Tzong-Han Tsai, Academia Sinica

David Wible, Tamkang University

Wen-Lian Hsu, Academia Sinica

Jisong Chen, Massey University

Eva Heinrich, Massey University

Elizabeth Kemp, Massey University

Akira Nakano, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Tsukasa Hirashima, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Akira Takeuchi, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Takanobu Umetsu, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Tsukasa Hirashima, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Akira Takeuchi, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Chi-Cheng Chang, National Taipei University of Technology

Seogyun Kim, Institute of Information Technology Assessment

Jiseung Nam, Chonnam National University

Soon-ja Yeom, University of Tasmania

Kalina Yacef, University of Sydney

Hidehiko Hayashi, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Tsutomu Maeno, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Susumu Kunifuji, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Mark Apperley, University of Waikato

Sam Jansen, University of Waikato

Amos Jeffries, University of Waikato

Masood Masoodian, University of Waikato

Laurie McLeod, University of Waikato

Lance Paine, University of Waikato

Bill Rogers, University of Waikato

Kirsten Thomson, University of Waikato

Tony Voyle, University of Waikato

Hegd Mungunsukh, University of Aizu

Zixue Cheng, University of Aizu

Nobuyuki Kajimoto, Wakayama University

Noriyuki Matsuda, Wakayama University

Hirokazu Taki, Wakayama University

Masato Soga, Wakayama University

Saeko Takagi, Wakayama University

Fujiichi Yoshimoto, Wakayama University

Takashi Shima, L.O.T. Co., Ltd.

Yoshitaka Fujiwara, Kitami Institute of Technology

Buntarou Matsuzawa, Kitami Institute of Technology

Shin-ichirou Okada, Kitami Institute of Technology

Changqing Ding, Toyama University

Hiroyuki Hase, Toyama University

Masaaki Yoneda, Toyama University

Sam Holden, University of Sydney

Colin Higgins, University of Nottingham

Pavlos Symeonidis, University of Nottingham

Athanasios Tsintsifas, University of Nottingham

M. Larrañaga, University of the Basque Country

U. Rueda, University of the Basque Country

J. A. Elorriaga, University of the Basque Country

A. Arruarte, University of the Basque Country

P. H. Potgieter, Technikon Free State

P. J. Blignaut, University of the Free State

Brent Martin, University of Canterbury

Antonija Mitrovic, University of Canterbury

Alfredo Matta, Mestrado Interdisciplinar em Computa??o Cient?fica

Noriyuki Matsuda, Wakayama University

Hirokazu Taki, Wakayama University

Chi-Hong Leung, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Yuen-Yan Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Albert Kam-Wah Wu, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Terry Stewart, Massey University

Paul Bartrum, Massey University

Jennifer D.E. Thomas, Pace University

Klaus Schmidt, Illinois State University

Harry R. Matthews, University of California at Davis

Tan Bee Hoon, Massey University

Lisa Emerson, Massey University

Rosemary Phillimore, Oxford Brookes University

Tomoko Kojiri, Nagoya University

Yasuki Ito, Nagoya University

Toyohide Watanabe, Nagoya University

Pilar de Almeida, Nagoya University

Yokoi Shigeki, Nagoya University

Liu Huifen, Tsinghua University

Hu Xin, Tsinghua University

Zhang Xinyu, Tsinghua University

Shigeto Ozawa, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Osamu Inoshita, Keio University

Krassie Petrova, Auckland University of Technology

Kaori Maeda, Hiroshima City University

Takashi Kishida, Hiroshima City University

Eitaro Kohno, Hiroshima City University

Kazuhiro Tamura, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Kazuko Shinohara, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Bipin Indurkhya, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Hajime Kokuryu., Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Ichiro Okano, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Bipin Indurkhya, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Amali Weerasinghe, University of Canterbury

Antonija Mitrovic, University of Canterbury

Merlin Cruz, De La Salle University

Raymund Sison, De La Salle University

Martha E. Crosby, University of Hawaii

Marie K. Iding, University of Hawaii

E. Barbara Klemm, University of Hawaii

Brent Auernheimer, California State University at Fresno

Hidefumi Kikuchi, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Hiroshi Kato, National Institute of Multimedia Education

Kanji Akahori, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Hajime Saito, Hokkaido Information University

Takashi Maeda, Hokkaido Information University

Azuma Ohuchi, Hokkaido University

Nancy Law, University of Hong Kong

Eugenia M. W. Ng, Hong Kong Institute of Education

Sung-Bin Chang, National Central University

Jen-Kai Liang, National Central University

Hsue-Yie Wang, National Central University

Tzu-Chien Liu, National Central University

Jie-Chi Yang, National Central University

Tak-Wai Chan, National Central University

Tim Wright, University of Canterbury

Andy Cockburn, University of Canterbury

Masahiro Nagai, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Katsuya Shiraki, Futtsu Junior High School

Hiroshi Kato, National Institute of Multimedia Education

Kanji Akahori, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Manfred Schertler, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

Freimut Bodendorf, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

Dick Ng?ambi, University of Cape Town

T. Roselli, University of Bari

E. Faggiano, University of Bari

P. Plantamura, University of Bari

V. Rossano, University of Bari

Claude Viéville, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille

Yvan Peter, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille

Meng Hong Tay, National University of Singapore

Chit Meng Hooi, National University of Singapore

Yam San Chee, National University of Singapore

O. Brand, Learning Lab Lower Saxony

L. Petrak, University of Karlsruhe

M. Zitterbart, Learning Lab Lower Saxony and University of Karlsruhe

Hiroyuki Tsumoto, Osaka University

Yusuke Hayashi, Osaka University

Mitsuru Ikeda, Osaka University

Akiko Inaba, Osaka University

Riichiro Mizoguchi, Osaka University

Ernest Ong Chong Peng, National University of Singapore

Hamdan Othman, National University of Singapore

Daryl Lee Shaw Ching, National University of Singapore

Derrick Wong Kum Sun, National University of Singapore

Domenico Del Vecchio, National University of Singapore

Lim Siew Kheng, National University of Singapore

Kiyomi Ito, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Sanshiro Sakai, Shizuoka University

Kanji Akahori, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Hideo Funaoi, Ibaraki University

Etsuji Yamaguchi, Miyazaki University

Shigenori Inagaki, Kobe University

Daniel D. Suthers, University of Hawaii at Manoa

Christopher D. Hundhausen, University of Hawaii at Manoa

Laura Girardeau, University of Hawaii at Manoa

Ada W. W. Ma, Hong Kong Institute of Education

Eugenia M. W. Ng, Hong Kong Institute of Education

Jaakko Kurhila, University of Helsinki

Miikka Miettinen, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology

Petri Nokelainen, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology

Henry Tirri, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology

Yuri Nishihori, Hokkaido University

Shigeto Okabe, Hokkaido University

Yuichi Yamamoto, Hokkaido University

Sallyanne Williams, Central Queensland University

Tim. S. Roberts, Central Queensland University

T. Daradoumis, Open University of Catalonia

M. Guitert, Open University of Catalonia

F. Giménez, Open University of Catalonia

J. M. Marquès, Open University of Catalonia

T. Lloret, Open University of Catalonia

Marc Aurel Schnabel, University of Hong Kong

Weijen Hsueh, National Taiwan University

Chih-Wei Hue, National Taiwan University

Jianhua Zhao, University of Sheffield

David McConnell, University of Sheffield

Kedong Li, South China Normal University

Kanji Akahori, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Aurora Vizcaino, Escuela Superior de Informatica and University of Sussex

Benedict du Boulay, Escuela Superior de Informatica and University of Sussex

Jungmo Gu, Korea National University of Education

Jong-O Park, Korea National University of Education

Jin-Sook Lim, Korea National University of Education

Seong-Sik Kim, Korea National University of Education

Elspeth McKay, RMIT University

Brian Garner, Deakin University

Toshio Okamoto, University of Electro-Communications

Akiko Inaba, Osaka University

Ryoji Ohkubo, Osaka University

Mitsuru Ikeda, Osaka University

Riichiro Mizoguchi, Osaka University

Jon Yorke, University of Plymouth

Scott W. Brown, University of Connecticut

Mark A. Boyer, University of Connecticut

Hayley J. Mayall, University of Connecticut

Paula R. Johnson, University of Connecticut

Lin Meng, University of Connecticut

Michael Butler, University of Connecticut

Kimberley Weir, University of Connecticut

Natalie Florea, University of Connecticut

Sally Reis, University of Connecticut

John Sumner, MarketingGuide.com and GuideTools.com

Kath Dewar, MarketingGuide.com and GuideTools.com

Alison S.W. Yeung, Hong Kong Institute of Education

Brian Ferry, University of Wollongong

Ruth Geer, University of South Australia

Wing Au, University of South Australia

Gerhard Fischer, University of Colorado

Jonathan Ostwald, University of Colorado

Hadj Batatia, IRIT-ENSEEIHT

Alain Ayache, IRIT-ENSEEIHT

Hannu Markkanen, Espoo-Vantaa Institute of Technology

Toshio Mochizuk, Graduate University for Advanced Studiesi

Hironori Egi, Keio University

Shigeto Ozawa, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Yoshiyuki Shibahara, Nihonbashi Gakkan University

Osamu Inoshita, Keio University

Hiroshi Kato, Graduate University for Advanced Studies and National Institute of Multimedia Education

Larry Katz, University of Calgary

Ernest Chang, University of Calgary

Jacqueline Lyndon, University of Calgary

Charles T. Scialfa, University of Calgary

Ali Reza Rezaei, University of Calgary

Cynthia Aizenman, University of Calgary

Gail Kopp, University of Calgary

Jeannine Gerbault, Universit? Michel de Montaigne Bordeaux 3

Hideyuki Suzuki, Ibaraki University

Hideo Funaoi, Ibaraki University

Y. Nakanishi, Dokkyo University

L. Tatsuta, Dokkyo University

M. Ohnishi, Dokkyo University

A. Iguchi, Dokkyo University

G. Tomizawa, Science University of Tokyo

K. Gunji, University of Illinois

Jun Nakahara, National Institute of Multimedia Education

Ako Imai, Osaka University

Mana Taguchi, National Institute of Multimedia Education

Akira Itou, Ricoh Elemex Corp.

Yuhei Yamauchi, University of Tokyo

Takeshi Sunaga, Tama Art University

C. Hu, National Institute of Education

A. F. L. Wong, National Institute of Education

L. Sharpe, National Institute of Education

L. Crawford, National Institute of Education

S. Gopinathan, National Institute of Education

M. S. Khine, National Institute of Education

S. N. Moo, National Institute of Education

Yusuf Pisan, Macquarie University

Anthony Sloane, Macquarie University

Debbie Richards, Macquarie University

Robert Dale, Macquarie University

Ian W. Gibson, Wichita State University

Ruddy Lelouche, Université Laval

Graeme Salter, University of Western Sydney

Shogo Kato, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Go Ota, Tokyo University of Science

Kanji Akahori, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Yuuki Kato, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Kazue Sugimura, Bunka University

Kanji Akahori, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Donald Joyce, UNITEC Institute of Technology

Janet Toland, Victoria University of Wellington

Sharon Tettegah, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Jin Chen, University of Electro-Communications

Toshio Okamoto, University of Electro-Communications

Safia Belkada, University of Electro-Communications

Orasa Tetiwat, Victoria University of Wellington and Naresuan University

Sid Huff, Victoria University of Wellington

Beate Baltes, National University

Sheng-mei Wang, National Huwei Institute of Technology

Yoshinori Naruse, Toyama National College of Maritime Technology

Akiko Nagayama, Toyama National College of Maritime Technology

Wai Ming Yip, Hong Kong Institute of Education

Sonya Symons, Acadia University

Heather Hemming, Acadia University

Lisa Langille, Acadia University

Jennifer Peterson-Lewinson, Touro University International

M. O. Thirunarayanan, Florida International University

C. A. Ryan, Florida International University

Aixa Perez-Prado, Florida International University

Thao Lê, University of Tasmania

Quynh Lê, University of Tasmania

Louise Smith, Access Ed, Education Queensland

Chi-Hong Leung, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Yee-Man Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Albert Kam-Wah Wu, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Norisuke Kozuki, Shiga University

Hitoshi Miyata, Shiga University

Janet Mei-Chuen Lin, National Taiwan Normal University

Hsiu-Yen Chen, National Taiwan Normal University

Dick Ng?ambi, University of Cape Town

Jong-Pil Cheon, Inchon National University of Education

Jang-Mi Paek, Inchon National University of Education

Sun-Gwan Han, Inchon National University of Education

Chul-Hwan Lee, Inchon National University of Education

Cliff Beevers, Heriot-Watt University

Manisha Javeri, University of Northern Colorado

Kitty Lau, Hong Kong Institute of Education

Wing K. Au, University of South Australia

John Cook, University of North London

Andrew Ravenscroft, University of North London

Fred Garnett, British Educational Communications and Technology Agency

Matt Smith, Institute of Technology Blanchardstown

B. C. Chiu, HKSAR

Y. T. Yu, City University of Hong Kong

Albert K. W. Wu, Chinese University of Hong Kong

C. H. Leung, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Morten Søby, Network for IT-Research and Competence in Education

Vladimir Uskov, Bradley University

Maria Uskova, Midstate College

Andrew Tolmie, University of Strathclyde

James Thomson, University of Strathclyde

Hugh Foot, University of Strathclyde

Maria Lorna A. Kunnath, University of California at Davis

Andreas Harrer, Technische Universit?t M?nchen

Vladan Devedzic, University of Belgrade

Eugenia M. W. Ng, Hong Kong Institute of Education

Angela Carbone, Monash University

Ian Mitchell, Monash University

Dick Gunstone, Monash University

John Hurst, Monash University

Carmel McNaught, Chinese University of Hong Kong

David Kennedy, Hong Kong Institute of Education

Jenny Majoor, Monash University

Kay Bryant, Griffith University

Oliver Bohl, University of Kassel

Angela Frankfurth, University of Kassel

Jörg Schellhase, University of Kassel

Udo Winand, University of Kassel

Haruo Kurokami, Kansai University

Keiichi Shouji, NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation)

Sachiko Kodaira, NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute

Kyosuke Okamoto, Iwate Prefectural University

Akiko Nishibuchi, Iwate Prefectural University

Katsuaki Suzuki, Iwate Prefectural University

Tomoya Horiguchi, Kobe University of Mercantile Marine

Tsukasa Hirashima, Kyushu Institute of Technology

Jarkko Suhonen, University of Joensuu

Erkki Sutinen, University of Joensuu

Edwin Volz, University of Ulm

Alke Martens, University of Rostock

Alexander Seitz, University of Ulm

Jan L. Plass, New York University

Bruce D. Homer, New York University

Hock-Beng Cheah, University of New South Wales

Evelyn Cheah, Educational Standards Branch International Group

Ben Daniel, University of Saskatchewan

Gord McCalla, University of Saskatchewan

Richard Schwier, University of Saskatchewan

Richard G. Hetherington, University of Missouri-Kansas City

Sachin Sood, University of Missouri-Kansas City

Bhavesh Advani, University of Missouri-Kansas City

Fong-Lok Lee, Chinese University of Hong Kong

T. Kamolphiwong, Prince of Songkla University

S. Kamolphiwong, Prince of Songkla University

C. Siriyuenyong, Prince of Songkla University

Craig Blurton, University of Hong Kong

Anita Lee, University of Hong Kong

Lorrae Ward, University of Auckland

Nian-Shing Chen, National Sun Yat-Sen University

Hsin-Yi Huang, National Sun Yat-Sen University

Yueh-Chun Shih, National Sun Yat-Sen University

Keryn Pratt, University of Otago

Ann Trewern, University of Otago

Kwok-Wing Lai, University of Otago

Conceição Almeida, University of Minho

Carlos Morais, Bragança Polytechnic Institute

Luísa Miranda, Bragança Polytechnic Institute

Floriano Viseu, University of Minho

Helena Martinho, University of Minho

J. Sheard, Monash University

S. Markham, Monash University

Lih-Juan ChanLin, Fu-Jen Catholic University

Rwei-Fen S. Huang, Fu-Jen Catholic University

Kung-Chi Chan, Providence University

Yu-chu Yeh, National Sun Yat-sen University

Shanti Divaharan, Nanyang Technological University

Sophiana Chua Abdullah, Institut Teknologi Brunei

Roger E. Cooley, University of Kent at Canterbury

Robert M. Corderoy, University of Wollongong

Ray Stace, University of Wollongong

Russ Pennell, University of Wollongong

Paloma Díaz, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Miguel-Ángel Sicilia, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Ignacio Aedo, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Ling Huang, Tsinghua University

Dongxing Jiang, Tsinghua University

Nianlong Luo, Tsinghua University

Russell Johnson, Massey University

Elizabeth Kemp, Massey University

Ray Kemp, Massey University

Peter Blakey, Massey University

Toshihiko Takeuchi, Aoyama Gakuin University

Akiyuki Sakuma, Aoyama Gakuin University

Regine Hampel, Open University

Fu-Yun Yu, National Cheng-Kung University

Yu -Hsin Liu, National Chi-Nan University

Tak-Wai Chan, National Central University

Nitish Patel, University of Auckland

Grant Covic, University of Auckland

Stephan Hussmann, University of Auckland

Joseph Finkelstein, Boston University

Shigeko Nambu, Boston University

Rajesh Khare, Boston University

Deepti Gupta, Boston University

Rob Phillips, Murdoch University

Catherine Baudains, Murdoch University

Geoff Foster, University of Queensland

Salvatore Valenti, University of Ancona

Maurizio Panti, University of Ancona

Tommaso Leo, University of Ancona

Grainne Conole, University of Southampton

Mike Hall, University of Southampton

Susan Smith, University of Southampton

Chien-Chung Wang, National Defense University

Shan-Huo Chen, National Taiwan Ocean University

Penelope Walters Swenson, California State University at Bakersfield

John Brine, University of Waikato

Marcia Johnson, University of Waikato

Margaret Franken, University of Waikato

Lucy Campbell, University of Waikato

Roberto S. Legaspi, De La Salle University

Raymund C. Sison, De La Salle University

Petri Gerdt, University of Joensuu

Ramin Miraftabi, University of Joensuu

Markku Tukiainen, University of Joensuu

Chiung Hung Lai, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Per Magne Bjornerud, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Kanji Akahori, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Shoji Hayashi, Hayashi Office Co., Ltd.

Shui-Cheng Lin, National Taiwan Normal University

Kuo-En Chang, National Taiwan Normal University

Yao-Ting Sung, National Taiwan Normal University

Gwo-Dong Chen, National Central University

Catherine McLoughlin, Australian Catholic University

Hilary Hutchinson, University of New England

Mara Koplin, University of Wollongong

Laurence Rogers, University of Leicester

Helen Finlayson, Sheffield Hallam University

A. Tsubokura, Osaka Electro-Communication University

N. Ashida, Osaka Electro-Communication University

N. Matsubara, Osaka Electro-Communication University

I. Oshima, Osaka Electro-Communication University

K. Kozuki, Osaka Electro-Communication University

K. Tsushima, Osaka Electro-Communication University

Kathleen Gray, RMIT University

Karen L. Murphy, Texas A&M University

Peter J. Smith, Deakin University

Elizabeth Stacey, Deakin University

Margot Duncan, Queensland University of Technology

Michael Ryan, Queensland University of Technology

John Lidstone, Queensland University of Technology