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37th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS '96)
Sampling according to the multivariate normal density
Burlington, VT
October 14-October 16
ISBN: 0-8186-7594-2
R. Kannan, Sch. of Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Guangxing Li, Sch. of Comput. Sci., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
This paper deals with the normal density of n dependent random variables. This is a function of the form: ce(-x/sup T/Ax) where A is an n/spl times/n positive definite matrix, a: is the n-vector of the random variables and c is a suitable constant. The first problem we consider is the (approximate) evaluation of the integral of this function over the positive orthant /spl int/(x/sub 1/=0)/sup /spl infin///spl int/(x/sub 2/=0)/sup /spl infin///spl middot//spl middot//spl middot//spl int/(x/sub n/=0)/sup /spl infin//ce(-x/sup T/Ax). This problem has a long history and a substantial literature. Related to it is the problem of drawing a sample from the positive orthant with probability density (approximately) equal to ce(-x/sup T/Ax). We solve both these problems here in polynomial time using rapidly mixing Markov Chains. For proving rapid convergence of the chains to their stationary distribution, we use a geometric property called the isoperimetric inequality. Such an inequality has been the subject of recent papers for general log-concave functions. We use these techniques, but the main thrust of the paper is to exploit the special property of the normal density to prove a stronger inequality than for general log-concave functions. We actually consider first the problem of drawing a sample according to the normal density with A equal to the identity matrix from a convex set K in R/sup n/ which contains the unit ball. This problem is motivated by the problem of computing the volume of a convex set in a way we explain later. Also, the methods used in the solution of this and the orthant problem are similar.
Index Terms:
Markov processes; multivariate normal density; n dependent random variables; positive definite matrix; random variables; positive orthant; probability density; polynomial time; rapidly mixing Markov Chains; geometric property; isoperimetric inequality; log-concave functions; convex set
Citation:
R. Kannan, Guangxing Li, "Sampling according to the multivariate normal density," focs, pp.204, 37th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS '96), 1996
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