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22nd Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS 2007)
First-Order and Temporal Logics for Nested Words
Wroclaw, Poland
July 10-July 14
ISBN: 0-7695-2908-9
Rajeev Alur, University of Pennsylvania
Marcelo Arenas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Pablo Barcel?, Universidad de Chile
Kousha Etessami, University of Edinburgh
Neil Immerman, University of Massachusetts
Leonid Libkin, University of Edinburgh
Nested words are a structured model of execution paths in procedural programs, reflecting their call and return nesting structure. Finite nested words also capture the structure of parse trees and other tree-structured data, such as XML.

We provide new temporal logics for finite and infinite nested words, which are natural extensions of LTL, and prove that these logics are first-order expressively-complete. One of them is based on adding a "within" modality, evaluating a formula on a subword, to a logic CaRet previously studied in the context of verifying properties of recursive state machines. The other logic is based on the notion of a summary path that combines the linear and nesting structures. For that logic, both model-checking and satisfiability are shown to be EXPTIME-complete.

Finally, we prove that first-order logic over nested words has the three-variable property, and we present a temporal logic for nested words which is complete for the twovariable fragment of first-order.

Citation:
Rajeev Alur, Marcelo Arenas, Pablo Barcel?, Kousha Etessami, Neil Immerman, Leonid Libkin, "First-Order and Temporal Logics for Nested Words," lics, pp.151-160, 22nd Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS 2007), 2007
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