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| Jonathan G. Koomey, Stephen Berard, Marla Sanchez, Henry Wong, "Implications of Historical Trends in the Electrical Efficiency of Computing," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 46-54, July-September, 2011. | |||
| BibTex | x | ||
| @article{ 10.1109/MAHC.2010.28, author = {Jonathan G. Koomey and Stephen Berard and Marla Sanchez and Henry Wong}, title = {Implications of Historical Trends in the Electrical Efficiency of Computing}, journal ={IEEE Annals of the History of Computing}, volume = {33}, number = {3}, issn = {1058-6180}, year = {2011}, pages = {46-54}, doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MAHC.2010.28}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, } | |||
| RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote | x | ||
| TY - MGZN JO - IEEE Annals of the History of Computing TI - Implications of Historical Trends in the Electrical Efficiency of Computing IS - 3 SN - 1058-6180 SP46 EP54 EPD - 46-54 A1 - Jonathan G. Koomey, A1 - Stephen Berard, A1 - Marla Sanchez, A1 - Henry Wong, PY - 2011 KW - history of computing KW - electrical efficiency KW - power usage KW - computer performance KW - Moore's law KW - mobile computing VL - 33 JA - IEEE Annals of the History of Computing ER - | |||
The electrical efficiency of computation has doubled roughly every year and a half for more than six decades, a pace of change comparable to that for computer performance and electrical efficiency in the microprocessor era. These efficiency improvements enabled the creation of laptops, smart phones, wireless sensors, and other mobile computing devices, with many more such innovations yet to come. The Web Extra appendix outlines the data and methods used in this study.
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10. All doubling times in the text are derived from the regression analyses described and documented in the Web Extra appendix and Table S1. See http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109 MAHC.2010.28.
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21. M. Bohr, "A 30 Year Retrospective on Dennard's MOSFET Scaling Paper," IEEE Solid-State Circuits Newsletter, vol. 12, no. 1, 2007, pp. 11–13.